The present study aimed at investigating the effect of multimodal program in developing classroom oral presentation skills of second year English majors. A quasi-experimental design was used on the voluntary basis of choosing the groups of the study, which consisted of thirty student-teachers in the treatment group and thirty student-teachers in the non-treatment group from among second year English majors at the Faculty of Education, Assiut University. The treatment group was trained through the multi-modal program, while the non-treatment group did not receive such training. The researcher developed and used the following tools: a multi-modal program including a Teacher' Guide Book and a Student's Handbook, a pre-post rubric for assessing classroom oral presentation skills; and a pre-post oral presentation test. The experiment lasted for one academic semester, four hours a week. Paired t-test statistics was used to measure the difference between mean scores of the treatment and nontreatment group in the post application of the study tools. Results revealed that the Multi-modal program was effective in developing second year English majors' classroom oral presentation skills. Discussion of these findings, recommendations and suggestions for future research are presented.* .Professor emerita of curricula and methods of teaching English, Faculty of Education, Minia University. .
The nutritional and medicinal values of the straw of Sorghum arundinaceum were investigated and the freeze-dried extract of the straw was formulated as capsules. The mineral content and proximate analyses of the straw were determined. Phytochemical groups in the extract were identified. The polyphenolic contents were determined using ultraviolet spectroscopy. Standard methods were adopted to determine the physical properties of the extract as well as the quality of the formulated capsules. Mineral content analysis showed that the extract contains the following minerals: potassium (13.24mg/g), calcium (35.57mg/g), magnesium (19.68mg/g), sodium (8.64mg/g), iron (14.49mg/g), manganese (15.45mg/g), zinc (7.35mg/g) and copper (0.75mg/g). Proximate analysis revealed 4.65% moisture, 0.04% protein, 4.70% total ash, 38.25% crude fibre, 11.00% total fat and 41.37% total carbohydrate. The phytochemical groups identified include alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, sugars, and tannins. Polyphenolic content analysis also revealed the following: 276mg/g total flavonoids, 163mg/g total proanthocyanidins, and 90mg/g total phenolic acids. The extract has a dark-red colour, a bitter taste, a pungent odour and a gritty feel. Most of the particles had a diameter of less than or equal to 0.422mm and they had a Carr's index of 11.72% and a Hausner ratio of 1.13. The formulated capsules passed weight uniformity and disintegration tests. These results show the nutritional and medicinal value of the straw of S. arundinaceum and also justified the formulation of the extract into capsules.
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