The null hypothesis was rejected. Significant differences in the presence of fenestration were found among subjects with skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. Fenestrations had greater prevalence in the maxilla, but more dehiscences were found in the mandible.

The null hypothesis was rejected. Although the prevalence of fenestrations was not different, significant differences for dehiscences were found in patients with different vertical growth patterns.

The experimental periodontitis group exhibited increased expression of IL-33 and RANKL compared with the healthy group. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between these expressions. According to these results, IL-33 could be associated with the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

ObjectivesThe aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of ED-71, a new active vitamin D analog, on bone regeneration in response to expansion of the mid-palatal suture, in rats, histomorphometrically.MethodsSixteen male 50–60 days old Wistar rats were separated into two equal groups (control and experimental). Both groups were subjected to expansion, and 30 grams of force was applied to the maxillary incisors with a helical-spring. Experimental group was treated with single-dose ED-71 (0.8 μg/kg body weight) in the mid-palatal suture locally and eight control animals received vehicle solution. Bone regeneration in the mid-palatal suture was evaluated by bone histomorphometric method and mineralized area (Md.Ar), fibrosis area (Fb.Ar), mineralized area/fibrosis area (Md.Ar/Fb.Ar), bone area (B.Ar) and osteoblast number (N.Ob) parameters were evaluated. Mann Whitney-U test was used for statistical evaluation at P<.05 level.ResultsStatistical analysis showed significant differences between groups for all investigated histomorphometric parameters. Md.Ar (P<.001), Md.Ar/Fb.Ar (P<.001), B.Ar (P<.01) and N.Ob (P<.001) parameters were significantly increased and Fb.Ar (P<.001) measurement was significantly decreased in experimental group. ED-71 group with a mean of 24.55±6.47 showed statistically higher N.Ob than the control group (mean N.Ob: 12.82±5.81).ConclusionsED-71 has positive effects on early phase of bone regeneration in the mid-palatal suture in response to expansion and may be beneficial in routine maxillary expansion procedures.

The systemic administration of vitamin C during the early stages of inter-premaxillary suture expansion may stimulate bone growth. However, local injection of this antioxidant into an orthopedically-expanded suture area has negative effects on bone formation.