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Bu çalışmada tek silindirli, direkt enjeksiyonlu bir dizel motoru atık zeytinyağından elde edilen biyodizel ve dizel yakıt karışımları ile çalıştırılmış, yanma, motor performansı ve egzoz emisyonları üzerindeki etkileri deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Deneyler motorun maksimum tork devri olan 2200 rpm, 3,75, 7,5, 11,5, 15 ve 18,75 Nm motor yüklerinde sabit emme havası giriş sıcaklığında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Motor yükü arttıkça silindir basıncı ve ısı dağılımı atmıştır. Orta ve yüksek motor yüklerinde karışım yakıtlardaki biyodizel miktarı arttıkça maksimum silindir basıncının arttığı görülmüştür. Biyodizelin ısıl değerinin dizele göre düşük olmasından dolayı tüm motor yüklerinde karışım yakıtlar ile ısıl verim azalmıştır. Maksimum ısıl verim B10 ve B20 yakıtı ile tam yükte dizele göre sırasıyla % 7,1 ve %11,7 azalmıştır. Karışım yakıtlardaki biyodizel miktarı arttıkça karbonmonoksit (CO) ve is emisyonları azalmış, azot oksit (NO x) emisyonu artmıştır. Tam yükte B10 ve B20 ile sırasıyla NO x %1,5 ve %7,5 artış göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak dizel motorunda hiçbir değişiklik yapılmadan dizel-atık zeytinyağı biyodizeli karışımlarının kullanılabileceği görülmüştür.

In this study, the biodiesel obtained from the waste olive oil by transesterification method has been mixed with a 30% of diesel fuel as volume and tested with a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. The main purpose of this study is to obtain purer biodiesel from waste olive oil using methyl alcohol (CH3OH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as catalyst in the transesterification method and research performance, combustion and emission characteristics in detail in a direct injection diesel engine. The combustion, engine performance and exhaust emission values have been also compared with diesel fuel. The test engine was operated at a constant speed of 2200 rpm and different engine loads such as 3.25 Nm, 7.5 Nm, 11.25 Nm, 18.75 Nm. According to the experimental results, the thermal efficiency of biodiesel is lower by about 1% to 5% than diesel. CO is lower about 37.5 % with biodiesel than that of diesel at 18.75 Nm. CO2 is higher 41% with biodiesel than diesel at 11.25 Nm. NOx was measured 9.5% higher than diesel fuel at 18.75 Nm. Soot emissions decreased by 37.5% compared to diesel.

One of the most important exhaust emissions in diesel engines is nitrogen ox-ides (NOX). The most effective method in reducing NOX emissions is Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems. Although it has been used in light and heavy-duty vehicles in Turkey for about 15 years, it has become used in all die-sel motor vehicles, including cars as of 2020 due to the changing emission regu-lations. In the SCR system, nitrogen oxide emissions are reduced to nitrogen and water by injection of the diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) to the catalytic reactor. In this study, the SCR system was installed in a single-cylinder diesel engine and the DEF injector characteristic was extracted and NOx conversion efficiency was examined in various injection quantities. The aim of this study is to provide the best NOx conversion by finding the optimum injection amount and to reduce the accumulation of urea in the system by obtaining minimum DEF consumption. In experimental studies, NOx conversion was examined according to the DEF con-sumed in various injection amounts of 40, 80, 160, 240, 320, 400 and 560 mg/s. In order to determine the minimum DEF and maximum NOx percentage reduc-tion, the reduction % in NOx emission was proportioned by the DEF injector mass flow rate (mg/s). The highest result was obtained with a value of 0.38 with 40 mg/s injection.