In this paper a variational study of a tunnelling exciton (Frenkel exciton) coupled to an arbitrary number of phonon modes is presented. The results of our model are presented both for weak nonadiabatic cases and for strong cases; and we come to the conclusion that the tunnelling reduction factor, the ground state energy of the tunnelling exciton-phonons system, and the mean number of ground state phonons, as the functions of the exciton-phonons coupling strength, are continuous, a condition that does not apply in cases of the tunnelling exciton-phonons models presented in the previous studies. In comparison with the previous studies, the presented model leads to a significant decrease of the ground state energy both of the small polaron and of the tunnelling exciton-phonons system, mainly for weak non-adiabatic cases.
Bu çalışmanın amacı üç farklı makroalgin (Codium sp., Cystoseira sp., ve Polyides sp.) üzerinde en çok çalışılan ve araştırma yapılan model canlı olan Drosophila melanogaster' in hayatta kalışına etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Drosophila melanogaster'in niçin çalışıldığının birincil nedeni; bu türün, çok kısa sürede ve hızlı üreme oranına sahip olmasıdır. Diğer laboratuvar hayvanları ile karşılaştırıldıklarında Drosophila melanogaster' in genetik bilgi birikiminin yeterli olmasıdır. Bu nedenle, birçok sentetik ve doğal bileşenin canlının hayatta kalma oranı üzerine etkisi, ökaryotik bir canlı olan Drosophila'da sıklıkla test edilmiştir. Tam metamorfoz geçiren bu canlıya test bileşikleri larva evresinde uygulanır ve döngü tamamlandığında, yetişkin formda etki araştırılır. Bu çalışmada, makroalglerden Codium sp., Cystoseira sp., and Polyides sp., özütleri Instant Drosophila Medium Formula 4-24' e eklenip Drosophila melanogaster'e larval dönemde, üç grupta verilmiş, kontrol grubunda ise su kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma, makroalglerden Codium sp., Cystoseira sp., and Polyides sp., özütlerinin, Drosophila melanogaster'in hayatta kalışına pozitif etkisini göstermiştir.
The dependence to fossil fuels has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That is why, the production of renewable and sustainable biofuels has gained a long-term importance for both scientific and political necessities. In this context, algae are promising in terms of alternative biofuels resources. For this reason, intensive scientific researches have been carried out in recent years on providing optimum efficiency in this regard. Bioengineering is a discipline that applies engineering principles of design and analysis to biological systems and biomedical technologies. Examples of bioengineering research include bacteria or microalgae engineered to produce valuable bioactive chemicals. Microalgae by target gene modification may serve as a promising source for the production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals. A lot of research has been carried out by applying microalgae genomic editing technique with the aim to produce numerous biotechnological products. Some successful previously reported research and production activities are still underway in this area. However, in order to produce the desired products efficiently with manipulated microalgae biorefinery, there is a need to overcome the problem of low biomass production despite high production costs. The aim of this work is to give special attention to the rich potential content of microalgae and to provide information on algal genetic manipulations to increase products by bioengineering methods.
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