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Research on the extracellular hemeprotein ligninases of Phanerochaete chrysosporium has been hampered by the necessity to produce them in stationary culture. This investigation examined the effects of detergents on development of ligninase activity in agitated submerged cultures. Results show that addition of Tween 80, Tween 20, or 3-[(3-colamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]l-propanesulfonate to the cultures permits development of ligninase activity comparable to that routinely obtained in stationary cultures. The detergent-amended cultures express the entire ligninolytic system, assayed as the complete oxidation of [14C]lignin to '4CO2. The detergent effect is evidently not merely in facilitating release of extant enzyme. Development of ligninolytic activity in the agitated cultures, as in stationary cultures, is idiophasic. Ion-exchange fast protein-liquid chromatography indicated that the heme protein profiles in agitated and stationary cultures are very similar. These findings should make it possible to scale up production of ligninolytic enzymes in stirred tank fermentors.

Unused wood residues can be converted into value-added products such as gourmet and medicinal mushrooms. In this study, wood waste was used to cultivate wood-inhabiting ligninolytic white-rot Basidiomycetes of the genus Pleurotus. Ligninolytic Basidiomycetes supplemented with low concentrations of dextrose readily colonized the wood waste; fruiting bodies were produced in 3-8 weeks. After the fruiting bodies were harvested, the basidiomycetes degraded up to 38% Klason lignin and 45% acid-soluble lignin in the spent substrates. Lyophilization of cultures, which stimulated filamentous mycelial growth, accelerated fruiting. The results indicate that growing Pleurotus species on wood waste or unused wood residue associated with harvesting or thinning operations can enhance economic returns needed to support ecosystem management. These values include reducing fuels for fire, decreasing pest and disease outbreaks, and increasing biodiversity.

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop a method to preserve tropical wood-inhabiting basidiomycetes in a viable state for an extended period. Storage in water, lyophilization, and cryopreservation methods of preserving tropical wood-inhabiting basiomycotina were compared. When tropical mycelial isolates were stored in sterile distilled water, 57% survived at 4 C for 2.5 mo; 92% of the isolates survived at 15 C for 10 mo. Bulbil-, clamydospore-, and conidium-forming fungi survived in cold water storage and maintained excellent viability for a decade. Vegetative hypha-, bulbil-, clamydospore-, and conidium-forming fungi survived cryopreservation using liquid nitrogen vapor. Only basidiomycetes that formed bulbils, chlamydospores, or conidia survived lyophilization. We conclude that the best method for long-term preservation of tropical fungi is cryopreservation by means of storage in liquid nitrogen vapor.