We introduce reference dependence to describe the fairness utility functions of channel members and model a dual-channel supply chain (one manufacturer and one retailer) in three scenarios: only the manufacturer is concerned with fairness, only the retailer is concerned with fairness, and both parties are concerned with fairness. The ordering decisions and coordination of a dual-channel supply chain under the online-to-offline (O2O) business model are studied. Nash equilibrium solutions exist for the channel order quantities in all three scenarios, and the inventory transshipment strategy can be used to coordinate the dual-channel supply chain under the O2O business model. Numerical examples are used to analyze the effectiveness and feasibility of coordination. The inventory transshipment strategy can be used to directly coordinate the dual-channel supply chain when only the manufacturer is concerned with fairness. The retailer feels unfair in the other two scenarios, which affects cooperation. To maintain cooperation with the retailer and achieve optimal supply chain efficiency and channel coordination, the manufacturer must compensate the retailer or choose one with fewer expectations regarding its channel status or fewer fairness concerns.
The relevance of research: Modern transformations in society and education pay special attention to the increase of the quality of teaching staff training, making new requests for competitive specialists in the world labor-market. According to the demands of educational laws and regulations, modern teacher is meant to be competent in his own sphere of work, have a number of professional skills, be flexible and mobile, be capable to work efficiently in compliance with international standards, be prepared for professional and personal growth. At the same time, an increased competition at the world labor-market requires new approaches to training future teachers with regard to increased demands for the specialists who are capable to adapt to modern world standards. The purpose of the research: The purpose of this research is to identify efficient forms and means of academic mobility of future foreign language teachers. Research methods: The leading research method that tests hypothesis is pedagogical experiment (ascertaining, forming and control stages of experiment) and also the method of processing of quantitative results of the research. 270 future foreign language teachers took part in the experimental research where 138 respondents belonged to an experimental group and 132 future teachers belonged to a control group. Results of the research: the model of formation of academic mobility of future foreign language teachers was designed and scientifically grounded. Formation of academic mobility is implemented by means of media-education technologies, methodological principles which include systemic, competency-based, synergetic, student-oriented approach and the following principles such as humanization, viability, self-education, succession, continuity, dialogism. The proposed model was realized in three stages (motivational-cognitive, organizational-action-based, professionalcommunicative) and provided for gradual acquisition by future educators the motivation for academic migration and their ability to master their foreign language communicative competence. The purpose of the above mentioned model is to develop such personal qualities which will contribute to students' readiness to get education in foreign educational environment. The result of the realization of the model is the formation of the academic mobility of foreign language teachers on a creative level. Relevance of the research: The efficiency of the proposed model of formation of academic mobility of future foreign language teachers by means of media education technologies has been proved and confirmed by the statistics of the experiment. Materials of the article can be useful for students, teachers of educational institutions of higher education, foreign language teachers who write projects, course works, qualifying projects and other types of scientific works. Wang & Gorbunova / Academic Mobility of Future Foreign Language Teachers 960
This paper studies firms' innovation behavior in a supply chain where two firms first invest to reduce component' cost according to different innovation modes (non-cooperative innovation, sequential innovation, and cooperative innovation) and then decide the prices according to different market powers (Supplier-Stackelberg, Manufacturer-Stackelberg, and Nash). We find that both the supplier and the manufacturer make more innovation efforts and profits under sequential innovation than under non-cooperative innovation when the market power is any one of three structures. Moreover, the firm prefers to invest as the follower in sequential innovation. We also show that the firms are easy to achieve cooperative innovation under symmetrical power market structure than asymmetrical power market structure. By using a concept named innovation-desirabilityindex that measures a firm's desire to innovate in the supply chain, we show that it is optimal for a firm in the chain to cooperate with such a firm whose market power is close to his own if the innovation-desirability-index is higher, otherwise with such a firm whose market power is lower to his own.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.