Purpose A prospective longitudinal cohort study was performed to assess the incidence of and risk factors for the development of glaucoma following surgery for congenital/infantile cataract. Methods One hundred and one eyes of one hundred and one children, ≤12 years of age who had follow-up of ≥24 months were included. Group I included those who underwent surgery using an anterior approach, group II included those who underwent surgery using a posterior approach, and group III included those who underwent surgery using an anterior approach along with foldable intraocular lens implantation. Standard definitions for glaucoma and glaucoma suspect were used. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze risk factors for glaucoma. Results Group I: 30 eyes (29.7%); group II: 11 eyes (10.9%); group III 60 eyes (59.4%). The incidence of glaucoma + glaucoma suspect was 7.9% (95% CL: 2.6, 13.2%) in the entire group. The incidence in group I was 16.7% (95% CL 3%, 30%), in group II was 18.2% (95% CL: 0, 41%) and in group III was 1.7% (95% CL: 0, 4.9%). Gonioscopy revealed high iris insertion with grade I (modified Shaffer grading) in one eye each in the glaucoma and glaucoma suspect group and open angles in the rest. Age at surgery of ≤3 months (HR: 6.6, 95% CL: 1.4, 30.6, p = 0.01) was found to be a significant risk factor within the aphakic group. Conclusions Younger age at the time of surgery was the only identifiable risk factor for glaucoma. Glaucoma remains one of the serious vision-threatening complications following surgery for congenital and infantile cataract with the incidence varying from 2 to 60% [1-7]. Variations in the incidence reflect differences in the study populations, in the definitions of glaucoma used, in the techniques of cataract surgery performed, as well as the duration of follow-up reported. Risk factors reported for the development of glaucoma include younger age at the time of surgery, microcornea, persistent fetal vasculature, aphakia, inflammation, type of cataract, bilateral cataract, number of additional surgeries performed and a longer follow-up period [8-13]. There is, however, a paucity of information on the baseline characteristics of patients which may influence the outcome of surgery with regard to the development of glaucoma, such as central corneal thickness (CCT), preoperative horizontal corneal diameter (HCD, axial length (AXL) and preoperative gonioscopic features. We performed a prospective study on the incidence of and risk factors for the development of glaucoma following surgery for congenital/infantile cataract in children who underwent a detailed preoperative assessment.