One of the important issues in software testing is to provide an automated test oracle. Test oracles are reliable sources of how the software under test must operate. In particular, they are used to evaluate the actual results produced by the software. However, in order to generate an automated test oracle, it is necessary to map the input domain to the output domain automatically. In this paper, Multi-Networks Oracles based on Artificial Neural Networks are introduced to handle the mapping automatically. They are an enhanced version of previous ANN-Based Oracles. The proposed model was evaluated by a framework provided by mutation testing and applied to test two industry-sized case studies. In particular, a mutated version of each case study was provided and injected with some faults. Then, a fault-free version of it was developed as a Golden Version to evaluate the capability of the proposed oracle finding the injected faults. Meanwhile, the quality of the proposed oracle is measured by assessing its accuracy, precision, misclassification error and recall. Furthermore, the results of the proposed oracle are compared with former ANN-based Oracles. Accuracy of the proposed oracle was up to 98.93%, and the oracle detected up to 98% of the injected faults. The results of the study show the proposed oracle has better quality and applicability than the previous model.

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Abstract.We have conducted face-to-face questionnaire based interview sessions with twenty-three Malaysian software practitioners in order to determine the perceived value associated with the specific practices of "requirements management", "process and product quality assurance" and "configuration management" process areas of CMMI level 2 in the stage representation. The objective of this study is to identify the extent to which a CMMI practice is used in order to develop a finer-grained framework, which encompasses the notion of perceived value within specific practices. This will provide software process improvement (SPI) practitioners with some insight into designing appropriate SPI implementation strategies.We asked practitioners to choose and rank "requirements management", "process and product quality assurance" and "configuration management" practices against the five types of assessments (high, medium, low, zero or do not know). From this, we propose the notion of 'perceived value' associated with each practice. We have identified 'high' and 'medium' perceived values CMMI level 2 practices. We have also identified the viewpoints of developers and managers about these practices.

Malware writers attempt to generate different shapes of a malware to evade the signature-based scanners. As the number of variants of a metamorphic malware is increased, the analysis of all variants and selecting the appropriate signature and updating the database of the antivirus becomes more tiresome and time-consuming. Furthermore, for automated generated metamorphic viruses, which utilize the virus kits to produce different instances, sometime it is not possible to analyze all of them. Therefore, use of some classification methods to speed up the analysis process is necessary. In this paper, we show that how the histogram of instructions opcodes can help us in classification of metamorphic virus family variants.

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