ARS members surveyed used BCT infrequently in their practices. Attitudes on the role of this technology in CRS management differed between academic and private practitioners, but, despite this, the volume of reported BCT use was the same. Surgeons are more accepting of the technology now compared with 5 years ago, and many of them believe that their use of BCT will increase in the future.

More than 1 in 10 patients undergoing head and neck microvascular reconstruction has a 30-day unplanned readmission, most commonly related to wound complications. Further efforts are needed to determine optimal 30-day unplanned readmission reduction strategies.

After educational sessions, multiple measures of patient acuity increased significantly owing to improved documentation of common comorbid conditions. Although physicians intuitively appreciate the importance of good documentation, education on the technical aspects of coding can significantly improve the quality and accuracy of clinical records.

Fewer than five case reports of primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nasopharynx are known to the authors. No previous reports have included examples of cytomorphology or have proven association with Epstein-Barr virus. We herein illustrate MRI findings, histopathologic features, immunohistochemical characterization, cytologic details, and in situ hybridization studies from a unique case of primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nasopharynx in a 38-year-old Caucasian male patient. Recognition of rare tumor types of the nasopharynx allows for refinements in disease management and prognostication.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Neuronal toxicity is thought to be important in Meniere's disease and experimental endolymphatic hydrops (ELH). This study quantifies the relationship between neuronal degeneration and hair cell degeneration in ELH to evaluate the hypothesis that a primary neural insult would yield greater loss in the spiral ganglion than at the inner hair cell level.Study Design: Following induction and histopathologic confirmation of endolymphatic hydrops in guinea pigs, the degree of hydrops, spiral ganglion loss, and hair cell degeneration were quantified and compared.Methods: Guinea pigs with surgically induced unilateral hydrops were sacrificed and their cochleas preserved. Hydrops severity and spiral ganglion density were quantified using automated methods. Hair cells were counted manually. Values were normalized against the contralateral ear to create loss indexes.Results: Inner hair cell (IHC) loss at the apex is significantly lower than corresponding neuronal loss. IHC loss at the base is also lower than neuron loss, although not significantly. Regression analysis shows a significant, positive correlation between neuron loss severity and IHC loss severity at the apex, but not at the base. There is no correlation between hydrops severity and inner hair cell loss.Conclusions: By confirming that spiral ganglion loss is more severe than hair cell loss, and that hair cell loss appears to worsen with neuronal degeneration, this study supports the theory that neuronal toxicity is the primary insult in ELH-related disorders, such as Meniere's disease, and may provide the basis for designing treatment strategies.