Biofilms are produced by both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria. Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus viridans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are commonly associated with the production of biofilms. [4] The expression of biofilms in these bacteria is mainly determined by operons. Operons are the clusters of coregulated genes with related functions. The series of genes in an operon are transcribed as a single mRNA and consists of an upstream promoter and a downstream terminator. [5] The biofilm production in Staphylococcus spp is regulated by the expression of polysaccharide intracellular adhesion (PIA) which is the gene product of
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