There is a high prevalence of vitamin D and calcium insufficiency in pregnant women and neonates in Chengdu even when mothers are compliant with prenatal vitamin supplementation. Supplementation is needed to improve maternal and neonatal vitamin D and calcium nutrition.

BackgroundObesity is widespread in the world including developing countries. However malnutrition in poor areas is still a serious problem. Few investigations, especially in a large sample, have been performed in Western area of China. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of school children aged 9–15 years in large Southwest city of China, and identify the differential impact of aberrant birth categories and family history of obesity related disease on childhood overweight and obesity development.MethodsA multistage random cluster sampling was performed to evaluate the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity, which were defined by the new age-, sex-, specific BMI reference developed by World Health Organization (WHO) (2007). And then a frequency matched case–control study was performed to identify the risk factors of overweight and obesity.Results7,194 children (3,494 boys, 3,700 girls) were recruited, and 1,282 (17.8%) had excess bodyweight (14.5% overweight, 3.3% obesity). The combined prevalence gradually decreased with age, and were more prevalent among boys than girls (P <0.05). Meanwhile 6.3% were found thinness and there were little differences in genders (P >0.05). Preterm large for gestational age (OR = 2.746), maternal history of obesity related disease (OR = 1.713), paternal history of obesity related disease (OR = 1.583), preterm appropriate for gestational age (OR = 1.564), full term small for gestational age (OR = 1.454) and full term large for gestational age (OR = 1.418) were recognized as significant risk factors in the multivariate regression analysis (P <0.05).ConclusionsWhile overweight and obesity was dramatically spreading, malnutrition still remained a serious problem. This unmatched nutritional status should be emphasized in backward cities of China. Children born of both preterm and LGA, whose parents particularly mothers had a history of obesity related disease, should be emphatically intervened as early as possible.

Most full-term SGA infants undergo catch-up growth during the first year of life. Regardless of gender, the catch-up velocity for weight exceeded that for length at each visit. Additional follow-up studies are needed to determine long-term growth outcomes for full-term SGAs.

To compare and evaluate the efficacy and safety of immediate cord clamping (ICC) and delayed cord clamping (DCC) in preterm infants.We performed a comprehensive and systematic meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing ICC and DCC in preterm infants by searching PUBMED,

This study aimed to explore an ideal way to prevent anemia among children younger than 5 years after disasters especially when health care facilities are not enough. A preliminary survey was carried out involving 13 065 children younger than 5 years. Pretested questionnaires were used for data collection and hemoglobin levels were measured. After 12-month intervention, the impact survey involving 2769 children was conducted. Results showed that there were some improvements both in feeding knowledge and practice related to anemia. The total prevalence of anemia decreased from 14.3% to 7.8% (P < .001), and the severity of anemia also declined. The hemoglobin concentration increased significantly from 118.8 ± 10.5 to 122.0 ± 9.9 g/L (P < .001). Thus, health and nutritional education could be an ideal way to combat anemia after disasters especially in less developed areas with multiparty cooperation. The methods and experiences of this study may be well worth learning and implementing.

ObjectivesWe aimed to identify the weight gain patterns of small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants in early life and to explore the predictive value for later overweight/obesity in childhood.MethodsWe obtained data from a prospective cohort including term SGA infants born between January 2006 and November 2015 who received regular health care from birth to 5 years in West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China. A latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was applied to group children with similar growth trajectory patterns. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the association between weight gain patterns and later overweight/obesity.ResultsA total of 296 term SGA infants were finally included. Five weight gain trajectories were identified, including excessive rapid catch-up growth (ERCG) (class 1, 10.9%), rapid catch-up growth (RCG) (class 2, 17.9%), appropriate catch-up growth (ACG) (class 3, 53.0%), slow catch-up growth (SCG) (class 4, 13.4%) and almost no catch growth (NCG) (class 5, 4.8%). SGA infants in class 1 and class 2 had a higher BMI according to age- and sex-specific Z scores from 2–5 years of age. In addition, 25% of SGA infants in class 1 and 13.2% of SGA infants in class 2 were found to be overweight/obese at 2-5 years of age. After adjusting for confounders, we found that extremely rapid weight gain (class 1) in the first 2 years of life increased the risk of overweight/obesity by 2.1 times at 2 to 5 years of age (aOR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.3~4.8; P&lt;0.05). Furthermore, the increment of ΔWAZ between 0 and 4 mo was prominently related to the risk of overweight/obesity at 2 to 5 years for term SGA infants (aOR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.7~8.1; P&lt;0.001). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed the area under curve (AUC) was 0.7, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) from 0.6 to 0.8 (P&lt;0.001).ConclusionsThe extremely rapid weight gain pattern of term SGA infants in the first 2 years of life increased the risk of overweight/obesity at 2 to 5 years of age. It suggests monitoring weight gain across the infant period represents a first step towards primary prevention of childhood obesity.

Table tennis is very common in our country，Generally believe that Table tennis can improve body function，But the exact extent of the impact is still no concrete research，In this study, using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method , Established the Fuzzy mathematical model of the Table tennis affect body function, The weight of A, B, C, D four Evaluation Level respectively are 0.489,0.444,0.067, and 0.000. Get the score of the Table tennis affect bodily functions is 91.33 through the evaluation of 30 people, the results is satisfying to judge the physical function with this model, this illustrate Table Tennis has a good improvement of physical function and can extensively carried out used as a good fitness among the masses.

Background: Anterior fontanelle (AF) is a regular feature of infant development, and delayed closure of AF (AFDC) is highly valued in the clinical of child health care. Methods: A retrospective cohort study with a 3-year follow-up was conducted to understand the occurrence of AFDC in healthy infants and its associated factors.Results: 792 infants were examined, 61 infants had AFDC and the incidence rate of AFDC in healthy infants was 7.71%. By the age of 24 months, 92.29% of infants had AF closure, with 99.87% achieving closure before 36 months old. Form 1 to 36 months age, the median AF size of AFDC group was significantly larger than that of AF normal closure (AFNC) group; from 6 to 36 months age, the median weight as well as length of AFDC group were all lower than those of AFNC group. There was no difference in head circumference between the two groups. The birth weight (OR=1.001), birth length (OR=0.778), AF size at 1 month (OR=4.196), and gender (OR=1.851) were associated factors of AFDC.Conclusion: AFDC in healthy infants was determined to be within a normal range for AF development and was not related to any disease. AF development was correlated to weight as well as length, but not correlated to head circumference. Congenital factors such as heavier birth weight, longer birth length, larger AF size at birth, and being male were associated with AFDC.