Understanding the impact and duration (consequences) of different component failures (cause) in a water supply and distribution system (WSDS) is a critical task for water utilities to develop effective preparation and response plans. During the last three decades, few efforts have been devoted to developing a visualization tool to display the relationship between the failure cause and its consequences. This study proposes two visualization methods to effectively show the relationship between the two failure entities: A failure cause–impact–duration (CID) plot, and a bubble plot. The former is drawn for an effective snapshot on the range (extent) of failure duration and the impact of different failures, whereas the latter provides failure frequency information. A simple and practical failure classification system is also introduced for producing the two proposed plots effectively. To verify the visualization schemes, we collected records of 331 WSDS component failures that occurred in South Korea between 1980 and 2018. Results showed that (1) the proposed CID plot can serve as a useful tool for identifying most minor and major WSDS failures, and (2) the proposed bubble plot is useful for determining significant component failures with respect to their failure consequences and occurrence likelihoods.
The water distribution system is an infrastructure system supplying water to urban areas. Since it has a great influence on the quality of life and financial aspect of customers, the performance evaluation of the system for an efficient management and operation is essential. Until now, most of the suggested performance indicators for the system are based on the available demand and pressure at demand nodes obtained from the hydraulic simulation. However, those performance indicators based on the hydraulic simulation may not consider the actual usability of water for customers properly. Therefore, in this study, the application of fuzzy functions along with the available demands at demand nodes, which are obtained from the hydraulic simulation, from the various points of view, makes us possible to evaluate the system performance by depending on the set value of the variables. For this purpose, we use a PDA model, which can simulate various abnormal operation conditions and suggest two performance indicators: the possible water supply range indicator (PWSRI) for the water supply performance evaluation for an individual demand node and the possible water supply indicator for the entire system (PWSIES). The suggested method and indicators are applied to the real water distribution system of A-city in Korea to verify the applicability.
The water distribution system is an important social infrastructure providing customers with stable and safe water supply. The fact, however, is that it is not free from various abnormal situations arising from internal / external factors. In case of a water supply failure due to an abnormal situation, the emergency interconnected operation between adjacent blocks in the system is one of the most effective countermeasures. To simulate these types of emergency operations, existing hydraulic analysis model which are based on infinite source assumption may result in unrealistic results such as negative pressure at demand nodes. Having more realistic simulation results from these situations, it is required to use an A-PDA model considering the reservoir volume and the inflow volume of the reservoir. With this consideration, the A-PDA model can simulate the condition of the limited amount of water supply. We apply the A-PDA model to the emergency interconnected operation between adjacent blocks in a city in Korea and find that more realistic results can obtained comparing with the results obtained from the PDA model which is based on the unlimited water supply.
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