Development of Failure Cause–Impact–Duration (CID) Plots for Water Supply and Distribution System Management

Abstract

Understanding the impact and duration (consequences) of different component failures (cause) in a water supply and distribution system (WSDS) is a critical task for water utilities to develop effective preparation and response plans. During the last three decades, few efforts have been devoted to developing a visualization tool to display the relationship between the failure cause and its consequences. This study proposes two visualization methods to effectively show the relationship between the two failure entities: A failure cause–impact–duration (CID) plot, and a bubble plot. The former is drawn for an effective snapshot on the range (extent) of failure duration and the impact of different failures, whereas the latter provides failure frequency information. A simple and practical failure classification system is also introduced for producing the two proposed plots effectively. To verify the visualization schemes, we collected records of 331 WSDS component failures that occurred in South Korea between 1980 and 2018. Results showed that (1) the proposed CID plot can serve as a useful tool for identifying most minor and major WSDS failures, and (2) the proposed bubble plot is useful for determining significant component failures with respect to their failure consequences and occurrence likelihoods.

Emerging Issues and Methodologies for Resilient and Robust Water Distribution Systems

“…Two contributions by Lee et al [7,10] in this Special Issue were made in the context of WDS criticality analysis. Lee et al [7] introduced a criticality analysis approach based on the modern portfolio theory (MPT), considering two different resilience measures, i.e., hydraulic and economic consequence resiliencies (HR and ER, respectively), to demonstrate the requirement of the economic measure in identifying critical pipes.…”

“…Lee et al [10] proposed a set of visualization methods to display the relationship among failure mode, impact, and duration (or failure cause, impact, and duration (CID)). Two types of two-dimensional plots proposed in [10], the failure CID and CID bubble plots, were verified with 331 WDS component failure data points collected in South Korea between 1980 and 2018. They confirmed that the CID bubble plot is useful for identifying the most critical components (i.e., raw water pumping facilities, water treatment plants, water supply pipes and main distribution pipes).…”

“…The papers are sorted in the order of publication date (Jun and Kwon [1], Yoo et al [2], Choi and Kim [3], Diao et al [4], Lee at al. [5], Jung et al [6], Lee et al [7], Kim et al [8], Balut et al [9], Lee et al [10], Li et al [11]). Among the 11 papers, Yoo et al [2] received the largest number of full-text views, whereas the abstract of Kim et al [8] was viewed the most often.…”

An Approach to Analysing Water Consumers’ Acceptance of Risk-Reduction Costs

“…Strategic production risk is long-term, relating to the investment decisions water supply companies take, not least regarding the quality of the water source as conceived broadly (activities in compliance with provisions on zones for the protection of intakes) [15]. Operational production risk, in turn, refers to current disruptions in the production and distribution of water, and is of a short-term nature [16,17].…”