Adolescence is a period in which youngsters have to make choices such as applying for university. The selection process is competitive, and it brings distress and anxiety, risk factors for the appearance of sleep disorders. Objective: To verify the occurrence of sleep disorders in third-year high school and pre-university students. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study comprised a sample of 529 students (M=241, F=288) from three public schools, four private schools and two pre-university courses -a middle-class neighborhood in the city of São Paulo -aged between 16 and 19 years old. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) -a standardized questionnaire. Results: The participants (52.9%) took about 30 minutes to fall asleep, with an average of 306.4 minutes asleep, moderate daytime sleepiness (n=243, 45.9%) and indisposition (n=402, 75.9%) to develop the activities. The scores (M and F) were similar regarding problems that affect sleep. Conclusion: The investigated population showed sleep disorders and poor sleep quality. Key words: sleep quality, sleep disorders, adolescents, high school.Distúrbios do sono em estudantes do ensino médio e curso pré-vestibular RESUMO A adolescência é tida como um período em que o jovem tem que fazer escolhas; a entrada na universidade é uma delas. O processo seletivo é concorrido, trazendo à tona angústia e ansiedade, fatores de risco para o surgimento de distúrbios do sono. Objetivo: Verificar a ocorrência de distúrbios do sono em estudantes do terceiro ano do ensino médio e de curso pré-vestibular. Método: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo. A amostra de 529 estudantes (M=241; F=288) de três escolas públicas, quatro escolas privadas e dois cursos pré-vestibulares, de um bairro de classe média, da cidade de São Paulo, na faixa etária entre 16 e 19 anos. Utilizou-se o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP) -questionário padronizado. Resultados: Verificou-se que os participantes (52,9%) levavam cerca de 30 minutos para dormir, com a média de 306,4 minutos dormidos, apresentavam sonolência diurna moderada (n=243, 45,9%) e indisposição (n=402, 75,9%) para desenvolver as atividades. Os escores (M e F) são semelhantes, no que se refere aos problemas que influenciam o sono. Conclusão: Existe a ocorrência de distúrbios do sono e má qualidade do sono na população estudada. Palavras-chave: qualidade do sono, distúrbios do sono, adolescentes, ensino médio.

-Objective: To evaluate sleep impairment, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and associations with sleep characteristics of sleep in female HIV/AIDS patients. Method: 30 female patients with HIV/AIDS were evaluated along with 30 female controls with a mean age of 35.4 years in the study group and 33.1 years in the control group, with: a) the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; b) the Beck Anxiety Inventory; c) the Beck Depression Inventory. Results: Sleep quality was more impaired in AIDS patients than in those with HIV+ or in controls. The AIDS patients showed more symptoms of anxiety. There were associations of sleep impairment with anxiety in HIV+ patients; whereas in AIDS patients associations were found between sleep impairment and depression. Conclusion: There was sleep quality in the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression. In HIV+ patients, sleep impairment was associated with anxiety, while in AIDS patients sleep impairment was associated with depression.

OBJECTIVE: This pioneering study aimed to evaluate executive attention and working memory in Brazilian narcoleptic outpatients. METHODS: Narcoleptic group: 19 treated narcoleptic outpatients (13 F; 6 M) (mean age=37.58; SD = 8.93); control group: 19 subjects (15 F; 4 M) (mean age=34.42; SD=12.31). INSTRUMENTS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale - Brazilian Portuguese Version (ESS-BR), Victoria Stroop Test (VST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) of WAIS-III. RESULTS: Significant difference at Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) (p<0.001) and at working memory (p=0.009) with worse results for narcoleptic patients. Patients were slower at VST-1 (p=0.002), VST-2 (p=0.045) and at TMT-A (p=0.016), TMT-B (p=0.006) and B-A (p=0.024). CONCLUSION: Narcoleptic patients showed higher degrees of EDS, an impaired executive attention at a temporal level and lower performance in working memory when compared to normal controls.

Obesity is defined as excess body fat versus lean mass, and it is classified as a chronic noncommunicable disease. This condition is associated with a broad array of complications, including cardiovascular, endocrine-metabolic, and orthopedic issues as well as breathing, sleep, and psychological disorders, among others 1 . Psychosocial disorders related to obesity include anxiety, depression, anguish, low self-esteem, guilt feelings, social adjustment problems, and behavioral/conduct disorders. These disorders can constitute the cause or effect of the weight gain process and negatively impact on quality of life (QL) 2,3 .Studies have found that lack of physical activity, poor diet, high consumption of processed foods, low intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes as well as frequent computer, videogame and television use, are strongly associated with the development of obesity and reduced total sleep time 4,5 . An important theme underpinning these investigations centers on the relationship between sleep disorders and cultural and familial ABSTRACTObesity and sleep disorders in adolescence are strongly associated, and they impact both on the health and on quality of life (QL) in this age group. Objective: To comparatively assess QL and sleep in obese and eutrophic adolescents, who are older than ten years of age. Methods: Cross-sectional study including obese adolescents. This analysis was carried out between August 2009 and August 2010. The Control (eutrophic) Group comprised schoolchildren recruited from State schools in the city of Americana, in São Paulo State, Brazil. Instruments applied included a standardized questionnaire, the Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), and the Pediatric QL Inventory (PedsQL TM 4.0). Results: The obese adolescents had poorer QL on physical (p<0.001), emotional (p=0.03), and social (p=0.002) functioning domains. A difference in mean psychosocial functioning was found between the groups (p=0.009) with obese subjects having a mean score of 69.5 (±16.0) and in eutrophic individuals of 76.2 (±16.7). A greater number of sleep problems was evident in the Obese Group (p=0.03). Conclusions: The obese adolescents had an impaired QL and a higher frequency of sleep problems compared to the eutrophic subjects.Key words: sleep, adolescents, obesity, quality of life. RESUMOObesidade e distúrbios do sono na adolescência estão amplamente associados, afetando a saúde e a qualidade de vida (QV) de tal grupo etário. Objetivo: Foi avaliar comparando a QV e o sono em adolescentes obesos e eutróficos maiores de dez anos. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado entre agosto de 2009 e agosto de 2010, com adolescentes obesos. O Grupo Controle (eutróficos) foi constituído por estudantes da rede pública de ensino da cidade de Americana, em São Paulo. Foram utilizados ficha de identificação, Questionário do Comportamento do Sono (SBQ), Questionário de QV (PedsQL TM 4.0) como instrumentos. Resultados: Os adolescentes obesos apresentaram QV inferior à dos controles nos domínios físico (p<0,001), emocional (p=0,0...

-Objective: To evaluate the perception of Quality of Life (QL) in Brazilian patients with narcolepsy. Method: 40 adult patients aged between 20 and 72 years (mean=41.55; SD=14.50); (28 F; 12M), with the diagnosis of chronic narcolepsy were followed up at the outpatient clinic (Patient Group). The Control Group was composed of 40 adults. The instrument utilized was the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF). Results: The two groups were homogeneous and no difference was found with regards to age, sex, and demographic characteristics. The perception of QL in physical, psychological and social domains showed lower scores in those patients with narcolepsy than in the control group (p<0.05). Concerning physical domain, all the aspects evaluated were significantly impaired, in patient group, including sleep satisfaction (p<0.001); energy for daily activities (p=0.039); capacity to perform activities (p=0.001); and capacity to work (p=0.001). Conclusion: The perception of QL showed severe impairment in patients with narcolepsy for physical, psychological and social domains.KEY WORDS: narcolepsy, sleep, sleep disorders, quality of life. Qualidade de vida de pacientes com narcolepsia: um estudo de WHOQOL-BreveResumo -Objetivo: Avaliar a percepção de qualidade de vida (QV) em pacientes com narcolepsia. Método: 40 pacientes com idades de 20 a 72 anos (média 41,55; desvio padrão=14,50); (28 F; 12 M), com diagnóstico de narcolepsia, crônica, seguidos em ambulatório (Grupo Paciente). O Grupo Controle foi composto de 40 adultos. O instrumento utilizado foi o Instrumento de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde (WHOQOL-BREF). Resultados: Os dois grupos foram homogêneos e não foram encontradas diferenças de idade, sexo e características demográficas. A percepção da QV nos domínios físico, psicológico e social mostrou escores menores nos pacientes com narcolepsia do que no Grupo Controle (p<0,05). Quanto ao domínio físico, todos os aspectos avaliados foram significantemente comprometidos, no grupo paciente, como a satisfação com o sono (p<0,001); energia para as atividades diárias (p=0,039); capacidade de desempenhar atividades (p=0,001); e capacidade de trabalho (p=0,001). Conclusão: A percepção de QV mostrou comprometimento acentuado nos pacientes com narcolepsia, nos domínios físico, psicológico e social. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: narcolepsia, sono, distúrbios do sono, qualidade de vida.

Altered neuromuscular control in masticatory muscles may be correlated with perceived facial pain in patients with FMS.

ABSTRACR -Insomnia is one of the symptoms of inorganic mercury poisoning (IMP). The objective of this study is to analyze the chief psychological aspects in the adjustment of workers with chronic insomnia associated with IMP. For this purpose the Preventive Clinical Interview and the Ryad Simon Operational Adaptive Diagnostic Scale (Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada-EDAO) were utilized. Fifteen subjects with mean age of 40 years (10 males and 5 females) were studied. Nine were diagnosed with High Adaptive Inefficacy, five with Moderate Inefficient Adaptation and only one with Mild Inefficient Adaptation. Impairment occurred in four adaptive sectors: affective relationship, social-cultural, productivity and organic. Adaptive efficiency indicated that in all the 15 subjects studied the adaptive solutions were frustrating and led to psychic suffering and/or environmental conflict confirming the severity of the involvement in chronic IMP.KEY WORDS: mercury exposure, industrial poisoning, mercury intoxication, sleep, sleep disorders, Operational Adaptive Diagnostic Scale.Insônia crônica em trabalhadores contaminados por mercúrio inorgânico: aspectos psicológicos e adaptativos.RESUMO -Insônia é um dos sintomas da contaminação por mercúrio inorgânico. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os principais aspectos psicológicos presentes na organização adaptativa de trabalhadores com insônia crônica associada à contaminação por mercúrio inorgânico. Utilizaram a Entrevista Clínica Preventiva e a Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada (EDAO) de Ryad Simon. Foram estudadas 15 pessoas, com média de idade de 40 anos (10M; 5 F). Nove foram diagnosticadas como tendo Adaptação Ineficaz Severa; cinco, Adaptação Ineficaz Moderada; e somente um, Adaptação Ineficaz Leve. O comprometimento na adaptação ocorreu nos quatro setores adaptativos: afetivo-emocional, sócio-cultural, da produtividade e orgânico. A eficácia adaptativa indicou que em todos as15 pessoas estudadas, as soluções adaptativas encontradas foram frustrantes e levaram a sofrimento psíquico e/ou atritos ambientais, evidenciando a severidade de comprometimento na intoxicação crônica por mercúrio inorgânico. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: mercúrio, contaminação, intoxicação, insônia, distúrbios do sono, sono, EDAO.Clinical symptoms of poisoning by inorganic mercury (IMP) vapors occur in urban areas from exposure in plants using chlorine-alkalis, fluorescent lamps, and medical equipment 1-3 .

Objectives: To assess sleep characteristics of adolescents infected by HIV, and to ascertain whether psychosocial aspects are associated to the quality of sleep. Methods: A cross-sectional study assessing 102 HIV-infected adolescents of both genders, aged between 10 and 20 years-old and 120 Controls. Data collection was performed by applying the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Results: A sleep disturbance prevalence of 77.4% was found in patients, and a 75% prevalence in controls, and there was correlation between quality of sleep and of life. HIV-infected adolescents scored higher for sleep breathing disorders and had higher prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness. Conclusions: HIV-infected adolescents had similar quality of sleep compared to healthy adolescents. This may be explained by the steady improvements in daily living as a result of successful anti-retroviral therapy, and by the vulnerability that affects Brazilian adolescents living in major urban centers.Key words: sleep, adolescents, HIV, quality of life, highly active anti-retroviral therapy. REsumoObjetivos: Avaliar as características do sono de adolescentes infectados pelo HIV e estudar se os aspectos psicossociais estão associados à qualidade do sono. Métodos: Estudo transversal, que avaliou 102 adolescentes, com idades entre 10 e 20 anos, infectados pelo HIV, e 120 controles, de ambos os gêneros. Para a coleta de dados, aplicaram-se: a Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, a Epworth Sleepiness Scale, e o Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Resultados: Verificou-se prevalência de distúrbios do sono em 77,4% dos pacientes e em 75% nos controles, e houve correlação entre qualidade do sono e de vida. Adolescentes HIV-positivos apresentaram maior pontuação nos distúrbios respiratórios do sono e maior prevalência de sonolência diurna excessiva. Conclusões: Adolescentes infectados pelo HIV apresentaram qualidade de sono semelhante à da população saudável. Isso provavelmente decorre pela melhora de suas condições de vida resultante do sucesso da terapia antirretroviral em pacientes HIV-positivos e pelas vulnerabilidades que afetam adolescentes brasileiros de grandes centros urbanos.Palavras-Chave: sono, adolescentes, HIV, qualidade de vida, terapia antirretroviral de alta atividade.