Quality of sleep and quality of life in adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Abstract

Objectives: To assess sleep characteristics of adolescents infected by HIV, and to ascertain whether psychosocial aspects are associated to the quality of sleep. Methods: A cross-sectional study assessing 102 HIV-infected adolescents of both genders, aged between 10 and 20 years-old and 120 Controls. Data collection was performed by applying the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Results: A sleep disturbance prevalence of 77.4% was found in patients, and a 75% prevalence in controls, and there was correlation between quality of sleep and of life. HIV-infected adolescents scored higher for sleep breathing disorders and had higher prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness. Conclusions: HIV-infected adolescents had similar quality of sleep compared to healthy adolescents. This may be explained by the steady improvements in daily living as a result of successful anti-retroviral therapy, and by the vulnerability that affects Brazilian adolescents living in major urban centers.Key words: sleep, adolescents, HIV, quality of life, highly active anti-retroviral therapy. REsumoObjetivos: Avaliar as características do sono de adolescentes infectados pelo HIV e estudar se os aspectos psicossociais estão associados à qualidade do sono. Métodos: Estudo transversal, que avaliou 102 adolescentes, com idades entre 10 e 20 anos, infectados pelo HIV, e 120 controles, de ambos os gêneros. Para a coleta de dados, aplicaram-se: a Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, a Epworth Sleepiness Scale, e o Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Resultados: Verificou-se prevalência de distúrbios do sono em 77,4% dos pacientes e em 75% nos controles, e houve correlação entre qualidade do sono e de vida. Adolescentes HIV-positivos apresentaram maior pontuação nos distúrbios respiratórios do sono e maior prevalência de sonolência diurna excessiva. Conclusões: Adolescentes infectados pelo HIV apresentaram qualidade de sono semelhante à da população saudável. Isso provavelmente decorre pela melhora de suas condições de vida resultante do sucesso da terapia antirretroviral em pacientes HIV-positivos e pelas vulnerabilidades que afetam adolescentes brasileiros de grandes centros urbanos.Palavras-Chave: sono, adolescentes, HIV, qualidade de vida, terapia antirretroviral de alta atividade.

Sleep Profile and Self-Reported Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Vertically HIV-Infected Adolescents on cART

“…4 Another study which assessed SQ in a group of Brazilian adolescents observed that sleep disturbances were common in both HIVþ and HIV-groups (77.4 vs. 75%, respectively), but HIV-infected adolescents scored higher for sleep breathing disorders and they had a higher prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness. 5 Considering sleep architecture, in the present study sleep latency, sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction were the most affected areas in both groups. Comparing EFV vs PI-based regimens, our data suggest that both groups showed high rates of disturbance.…”

“…Childhood sleep problems have been linked to a range of adverse health outcomes, and while an association between sleep problems, school performance, and daytime functioning has been previously reported, data in HIV-infected children are still scarce. 4,5 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore SQ on pediatric HIV-infected children on stable cART in the current era.…”

“…Time of treatment with ART Time of treatment with cART 11.3 (7.5, 15.2) 10.5 (6.2,14) Median number of ART regimens 4 (2,5) Current treatment situation (%, n)…”

“…1,2 Sleep quality (SQ) seems to be closely related to cognitive function, learning, and attention, but data on HIV-infected children are scarce. [3][4][5] Regarding the relationship between antiretrovirals (ARV) and sleep disturbances, classically, efavirenz (EFV) has been the drug most commonly associated with sleep disturbances. Nightmares and vivid dreams have been associated to EFV, which according to some studies may even influence sleep architecture.…”

Perfil de Calidad de Vida relacionada con la salud del adolescente, 1970-2013: meta-análisis

“…En alusión a las enfermedades infecciosas se destaca el VIH/SIDA, debido a que afecta a 2,5 millones de niños y adolescentes que no superan los 15 años y que padecen las consecuencias biológicas, emocionales y Universidad de Manizales -Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud sociales de la infección 6,7 . Por su parte, en las enfermedades no transmisibles se destacan las enfermedades endocrinas, nutricionales y metabólicas ya que se ha descrito que en el mundo alrededor del 10% de los niños en edad escolar (5 a 17 años) padecen de sobrepeso 8 , anualmente unos 76000 niños y adolescentes menores de 15 años desarrollan diabetes tipo 1 y la incidencia anual de ésta es cercana al 3% 9 .…”