A study has been made of the rate of formation of estolides from castor oil fatty acids and of their decomposition at different temps. Estolide formation appears to be optimum at the end of 5 hr at about 220C, beyond which estolides start decomposing, giving rise to DC0 fatty acids. At about 300C, estolide decomposition is complete within an hour.During estolide formation there is a linear increase in optical rotation which again decreases linearly, although at a different rate, during estolide decomposition. At optimum estolide formation, the optical rotation is as high as 25.5.
A series of palladium complexes of the abnormal N-heterocyclic carbene ligands of the type (a-NHC)PdI2(L) [L = NC5H5(1-3)b and PPh3(1-3)c] effectively catalyzed the Hiyama coupling of aryl bromides and iodides with PhSi(OMe)3 under the highly desired fluoride-free conditions. Interestingly enough, the pyridine based trans-(1-3)b complexes and a PPh3 derived cis-3c complex exhibited higher yields than the related PPh3 derived trans-(1-2)c complexes. The superior performances of the pyridine based trans-(1-3)b complexes and the PPh3 derived cis-3c complex have been correlated to a tighter binding of the a-NHC ligand to the palladium center in these complexes, leading to a greater (a-NHC) ligand influence on the metal center partaking in the catalysis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.