Differentiation between glomerular and non-glomerular haematuria by observation of the changes in red cell morphology using phase-contrast microscopy is a well established technique. However, the method is not widely accepted in clinical practice because of controversy regarding the minimum percentage of dysmorphic red cells required to diagnose glomerular aetiology, as well as the need for specialized microscopes. Recently, a glomerular-specific morphological alteration of red cells has been described, which has the form of a doughnut shape with one or more blebs and which is termed the "G1" cell. In the present double-blind prospective study 250 urine samples were examined without any knowledge of diagnosis. Haematuria was detected in 122 cases. The type of haematuria was characterized by counting dysmorphic cells and G1 cells separately, in each case using a phase-contrast microscope as well as an ordinary bright-field microscope with and without staining of urinary sediments. The results were later correlated with the confirmed diagnosis. The study showed that the G1 cell is more specific than the dysmorphic cell for the diagnosis of glomerular haematuria. Evaluation of both dysmorphic red cells and G1 cells can be done using bright-field microscopy with 100% specificity and sensitivities of 82 and 100%, respectively. It has been concluded that the ordinary bright-field microscope can be used for the diagnosis of glomerular haematuria with an efficiency similar to that of a phase-contrast microscope.

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Introduction: Nasal index is a sensitive anthropometric index. It also exhibits sexual differences and it has become a useful tool in Forensic Medicine and reconstructive surgery. It is an important anthropometric parameter for classifying the race and sex of an individual whose identity is unknown. Aim: The present study was undertaken to provide baseline data of the nasal ergonomics for male and female of Hindu community of Gwalior region. Material and Method: A random sample of males of 19 to 45 years age group was chosen for examination. Nasal length, nasal breadth, nasal height and nasal depth were measured with the help of Digital Vernier Caliper. Nasal index (NI) were calculated as NB/NH×100. The data was analyzed statistically using Unpaired Student t-test. Result: Our results are comparable with other studies with mean NI ± SD of 80.59±9.122 in male which was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of females who has NI ± SD of 77.29±8.472. Except for nasal depth, the other nasal parameters shows sexual dimorphism. Conclusion: Based on the mean NI, the predominant nose type is Mesorrhine in 63.73% of male and female (Hindu community) of Gwalior region. This study provides a baseline data for people of Gwalior region which will be valuable in nasal anthropometry for clinical practice, in reconstructive surgery, rhinoplasty and in forensic science. This study should be subjected to further investigation.