Background-Retrograde approach through collaterals has been introduced for percutaneous recanalization of chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the coronary arteries. We investigated the safety and efficacy of retrograde approaches used for percutaneous recanalization of CTO in a consecutive series of patients. and nonvisibility of connection with recipient vessel were found to be significant predictors of procedural failure. The CC dissection was observed in 6 patients, with 1 needing coil embolization and others who were managed conservatively. The major adverse cardiac events were low, with 1 coronary artery bypass graft, 1 Q-wave myocardial infarction, 5 non-Q-wave myocardial infarctions, and no deaths in this group of patients. Conclusions-The retrograde approach in CTO percutaneous coronary intervention is effective in recanalizing CTO. The success rate by retrograde approach was 65.6%, and final success was 85% in this group with acceptable overall adverse events. We have identified predictors of failure related to collateral morphology. (Circ Cardiovasc Intervent. 2009;2:124-132.)

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Since its inception in December 2006, the EuroCTO Club has strived to provide the framework for stateof-the-art chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Europe and nearby regions. Among its initiatives, the EuroCTO Club has published a set of recommendations regarding the technical aspects of CTO PCI, whose last edition dates to 2012. The EuroCTO Club consensus document discusses CTO PCI clinical indications, techniques and equipment use, as well as the qualifications of operators/centres. Given the considerable amount of progress made by this subspecialty in recent years, there is a need for an updated document that includes data from recent clinical trials and registries, information on novel devices and techniques, and an up-to-date revision on the training requirements to approach CTO PCI. The current updated consensus document of the EuroCTO Club reflects the expertise of European operators to promote the widespread application of state-of-the-art CTO PCI, not only in Europe but also across neighbouring communities.

Hydrophilic sheath coating, but not sheath length, reduces the incidence of radial artery spasm during transradial coronary procedures.

Successful CTO PCI was associated with improved long-term survival. The improvement was greatest in patients when complete revascularization was achieved. The identity of the successfully treated occluded vessel was not associated with differences in outcome.

This first series describes a high success rate of CTO recanalization with IVUS-guided reverse CART in selected patients performed by an experienced operator.

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Rotational atherectomy can be performed with high success rates and low complications, and rotational atherectomy followed by drug eluting stent implantation significantly reduces binary restenosis rates in fibrocalcific lesions as compared to rotational atherectomy and bare metal stents.