Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis was done for 280 endocervical swab samples by PCR specific for endogenous plasmid. Age dependency was seen in symptomatic patients, with a high chlamydial prevalence rate (28%) found in younger women. Genotyping by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of omp1 PCR-positive samples showed serovars D, E, and F to be the most prevalent.Chlamydia trachomatis is a major cause of sexually transmitted disease (16). Serovars D to K are chiefly responsible for urogenital infections; of these serovars, E, F, and D account for up to 60 to 70% of these infections (1,5,14,20). Epidemiological studies of C. trachomatis infections in sexual contacts have been few to date, which hampers the study of chlamydial transmission, its route of spread in a population, its virulence factors, and the associated risk factors of C. trachomatis infections (12,19). Compared with immunotyping, the genotyping methods, particularly omp1 are more sensitive and precise in revealing C. trachomatis variants within serovars as well as in potential recombinants among serovars (13,15,18). The present study was undertaken to understand the occurrence of C. trachomatis serovars in the genital tracts of infected women, which will help in devising an effective screening program for routine diagnosis of chlamydial infections, understanding the immunopathogenesis, and developing an effective chlamydial control program.Reference C. trachomatis standard serovars were kindly provided by T. Ossewaarde (National Institute of Public Health and Environment Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands). Cervical swabs (n ϭ 280) were obtained from patients (17) attending the gynecology outpatient clinic for various gynecological reasons (abnormal vaginal discharge and pelvic pain) at Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India. Chlamydial DNA was extracted from the clinical specimens by the alkali lysis method (2). The study protocol was approved by the committee responsible for the evaluation of work involving human subjects. Prior consent was obtained in all cases.The clinical samples were first screened by a PCR specific for the human -globin gene. The primers used for the human -globin PCR were P1 (sense, 5Ј ACA CAA CTG TGT TCA CTA GC) and P2 (antisense, 5Ј GAA ACC CAA GAG TCT TCT CT). Samples positive in the -globin PCR were used for C. trachomatis detection by using a plasmid PCR performed as described previously. The plasmid primers P3 (sense, 5ЈGAA CAA ATC GTA TCT CGG) and P4 (antisense, 5ЈGAA ACC AAC TCT ACG TCG) generated a fragment of 517 bp in the C. trachomatis-positive samples. The omp1 gene was amplified by primers selected from the published sequences of the omp1 gene of C. trachomatis (L 2 ) (21). The PCR mixture contained 25 pmol of each of the forward and reverse primers, 200 M concentrations of each of the deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dATP, dTTP, dGTP, and dCTP), 10ϫ PCR buffer (containing 10 mM Tris HCl [pH 8.3], 50 mM KCl, 2.5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.01% gelatin), and 0.1 U of Taq DNA polymerase (Gibco-BRL). PCR w...