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Andrographis nallamalayana is being widely used as tribal medicine in the treatment of leucoderma and mouth ulcers. Chemical profiling of methanolic extract of the whole plant (PE), using GC-MS and LC-MS, revealed the presence of compounds viz. α-tocopherol, β-sitosterol, tetradecanoic acid, monostearin, flavones/flavanones and their glycosides, chromones, etc. Topical application of imiquimod on the dorsal portion of male BALB/C mice resulted in the development of psoriatic symptoms (erythema, scaling, thickening and folding) with a mean disease activity index (DAI) of >7.0. Topical treatment with 100-μL PE (~6.4%/12.8%) formulations, for 12-days, resulted in the alleviation of disease symptoms. Compared to water-based formulations, emu oil-based formulation, PE400EO was found more effective in reducing the mean DAI (>84%), keratinocyte count (>65%) (p < 0.01) and interleukin-22 (~70%) (p < 0.05). We report, for the first time, anti-psoriatic activity of A. nallamalayana having great potential in developing a potent phytomedicine against psoriasis.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one amongst the most common cancersin western men. Incidence rate ofPCa is on the rise worldwide. The present study deals with theserum lipidome profiling of patients diagnosed with PCa to identify potential new biomarkers. We employed ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS for identification of significantly altered lipids in cancer patient’s serum compared to controls. Lipidomic data revealed 24 lipids are significantly altered in cancer patinet’s serum (n = 18) compared to normal (n = 18) with no history of PCa. By using hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) we could clearly separate cancer patients from control group. Correlation and partition analysis along with Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) have identified that PC (39:6) and FA (22:3) could classify samples with higher certainty. Both the lipids, PC (39:6) and FA (22:3) could influence the cataloging of patients with 100% sensitivity (all 18 control samples are classified correctly) and 77.7% specificity (of 18 tumor samples 4 samples are misclassified) with p-value of 1.612×10−6 in Fischer’s exact test. Further, we performed GC-MS to denote fatty acids altered in PCa patients and found that alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) levels are altered in PCa. We also performed an in vitro proliferation assay to determine the effect of ALA in survival of classical human PCa cell lines LNCaP and PC3. We hereby report that the altered lipids PC (39:6) and FA (22:3) offer a new set of biomarkers in addition to the existing diagnostic tests that could significantly improve sensitivity and specificity in PCa diagnosis.