<p>Metode AHP (analytical hierarchy process) digunakan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan usahatani jambu mete. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara secara mendalam dengan para ahli mete dan melalui wawancara terstruktur dengan petani jambu mete di empat desa dalam dua kecamatan di Kabupaten Kendari dan di empat desa dalam dua kecamatan di Kabupaten Buton, Sulawesi Tenggara yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2002. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ada 12 faktor penentu yaitu modal, tenaga kerja, sarana produksi, lahan, teknologi, managerial, lembaga pemasaran, transportasi, informasi pemasaran, kelompok tani, penyuluh dan lembaga keuangan. Empat faktor, yaitu tenaga kerja, sarana produksi, lembaga pemasaran dan transportasi bcrada dalam kondisi dapat diterima. Tiga faktor yaitu modal, lahan dan kelompok tani bcrada dalam kondisi sangat buruk, sedangkan lima faktor lainnya berada dalam kondisi buruk. Dilihat dari nilai kcpentingannya, tiga faktor yaitu modal yang kondisinya sangat buruk, teknologi dan informasi pemasaran yang kondisinya buruk, memiliki tingkat kepentingan yang tinggi. Ha] ini menunjukkan pioritas pembenahan usahatani jambu mete harus diarahkan pada ketiga faktor tersebut.</p><p>Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale L, usahatani, faktor penentu</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Analysis of determinant factors in cashew farming performance in Southeast Sulawesi</strong></p><p>Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method was applied to analyze determinant factors in cashew farming performance. Data were collected through indepth interview with cashew experts and through structured interview with cashew farmers in four villages in two districts in Kendari Regency and in four villages in two districts in Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi in May 2002. The results showed that there were 12 determinant factors, i.e. the availability of capital, labour, input production, land condition, technology, managerial, market institution, transportation, market information, farmers institution, farming instructor, and financial institution. Four factors, labour, input production, transportation and market institution are in fair condition. Three factors, capital, land and fanners institution were in very poor condition. And the rest ive factors were in poor condition. The effort to increase the cashew farming performance has to be focused on capital, technology and market information factors which are in poor or very poor conditions and are crucial determinants.</p><p>Key words: Anacardium occidentale L, farming, determinant factors</p>
<p>ABSTRAK<br />Lahan usahatani yang sempit merupakan faktor utama penyebab<br />kemiskinan di wilayah pedesaan. Reformasi agraria dengan redistribusi<br />lahan sering dianggap sebagai jalan efektif untuk mengatasi kemiskinan.<br />Pengalaman di beberapa negara ternyata tidak selalu demikian. Mengingat<br />bahwa wilayah usahatani mete merupakan wilayah yang memiliki tingkat<br />kemiskinan yang tinggi maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis<br />pola pengaruh penambahan lahan usahatani mete terhadap peningkatan<br />pandapatan petani di dua wilayah dengan kondisi agribisnis yang berbeda.<br />Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Juli 2002 di Propinsi Sulawesi<br />Tenggara sebagai salah satu sentra produksi mete yang dapat dijadikan<br />gambaran kondisi Indonesia. Kabupaten Buton mewakili kondisi agribisnis<br />yang belum berkembang dan Kendari mewakili yang berkembang (dua<br />kabupaten yang terbesar populasi rumah tangga mete). Pengambilan<br />contoh acak sederhana digunakan untuk menarik contoh responden dengan<br />satuan contoh usahatani mete, masing-masing 156 dan 136 untuk Buton<br />dan Kendari. Data dianalisis melalui regresi, dengan variabel independen<br />luas lahan usahatani (L) dan variabel dependen pendapatan usahatani (I),<br />diperoleh fungsi derivatifnya terhadap L untuk Buton ∂I B /∂L B =<br />131.925L B 2 – 502.858L B –510.069 (penambahan pendapatan positif mulai<br />4,6 ha); dan Kendari ∂I K /∂L K = -20.967L K 2 +21.0694L K –113.550 (penam-<br />bahan pendapatan positif mulai 0,6 ha dan cenderung menurun setelah 5<br />ha). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa efektifitas penambahan lahan usahatani<br />terhadap pendapatan petani ternyata berbeda pada wilayah yang kondisi<br />agribisnisnya berbeda. Pada wilayah yang belum berkembang (seperti<br />Buton), penambahan lahan kurang efektif dapat meningkatkan pendapatan<br />untuk melampaui garis kemiskinan, dan penambahan baru efektif lebih<br />besar dari 5 ha. Sedangkan pada wilayah yang sudah berkembang (seperti<br />Kendari) penambahan lahan sudah efektif dengan penambahan 1,5 ha.<br />Pengembangan agribisnis tersebut antara lain melalui pengembangan pola<br />tanam dan industri hilir (pengolahan sederhana) sangat efektif untuk<br />meningkatkan pendapatan petani yang memiliki lahan sempit, dan<br />efektifitas ini akan semakin meningkat bila ditunjang dengan peningkatan<br />akses pasar melalui perbaikan infrastruktur.<br />Kata kunci : Mete, Anacardium occidentale L, lahan usahatani, pendapatan<br />petani, kemiskinan, agribisnis</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Effectiveness of farm land addition to additional income<br />Small farm is the main factor that causes poverty incidence in rural<br />area. Land reform through land redistribution is often taken for granted as<br />an effective way to alleviate poverty. However, experiences in some<br />countries do not always prove it. Since cashew farm areas generally<br />coincide with high poverty incidence, hence this research aimed to analyze<br />effectiveness of farm land addition to the additional income in two areas<br />with different condition of agribusiness. The District of Buton is as<br />representative of underdeveloped agribusiness and Kendari District<br />represents the developed one, both districts have the largest cashew<br />population in the Province of Southeast Sulawesi, as one of the main<br />cashew area in Indonesia. Data were collected in June-July 2002. The<br />simple random sampling was used to determine respondents and cashew<br />farm as unit of sample, and the sample size was 156 and 136 units<br />respectively for Buton and Kendari. Data were analyzed with regression<br />analysis, where cashew farm land size (L) was used as independent<br />variable and farmer’s income (I) as dependent variable. The derivative<br />function to L obtained is ∂I B /∂L B = 131.925L B 2 –502.858L B –510.069<br />(Buton) (additional income will be positive, larger than 4.6 ha); and<br />∂I K /∂L K = -20.967L K 2 +21.0694L K –113.550 (Kendari) (additional income<br />will be positive, larger than 0.6 ha). The result showed that the<br />effectiveness of land addition to increase farmer’s income was proved<br />different in different agribusiness conditions. In underdeveloped area (like<br />Buton), the land addition was less effective to increase income over the<br />poverty line and it would be effective if the addition was larger than 5 ha.<br />While in developed area (like Kendari), the addition of land was effective<br />by adding 1.5 ha. Developing agribusiness condition could be conducted<br />by developing cropping system and forwarding home industry<br />(processing). The development will be more effective if it is supported by<br />improving market access through improvement of infrastructure.<br />Key words : Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L, farm land, farmer’s<br />income, poverty, agribusiness</p>
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