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Background: In modern populations, the impaction rate is higher for third molars than for any other tooth. Due to the speculation of third molar role on late incisor crowding, many orthodontists prescribe removal of third molars before, during or just after orthodontic treatment. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare whether orthodontic extraction of first premolar lead to any angular changes in second and third molars. Material and method: Orthopantograms of 20 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were collected pre and post treatment. The patients were divided into two groups-nonextraction and extraction group. Each group consisted of 10 patients. The angles were measured between the long axis of 2nd molar and 3rd molar with horizontal plane. Changes in 2nd and 3rd molar angulation from pre-treatment to post treatment for two groups were compared by Mann-Whitney utest. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that maxillary and mandibular 2nd and 3rd molar showed an improvement in angulation but it was statistically non-significant. Conclusion: The findings of the present investigation suggest that premolar extraction therapy has a favourable effect on maxillary second & third molar angulation, while no changes in mandibular second & third molar angulation during treatment were found in patients treated with and without premolar extractions.

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Orthodontic tooth movement needs simultaneous bone formation and resorption. Patients with high risk of bone resorption (osteoporosis), due to systemic problems, may have a deleterious effect on tooth movement. With increased adults seeking orthodontic treatment, the number of such patients seeking orthodontic treatment have increased in last few decades. It so has become of prime importance for an orthodontist to diagnose such patients and take necessary actions. This article will deal with osteoporosis in general, its pathophysiology, the signs, and symptoms, its effect on orthodontic tooth movement, its treatment, and the necessary actions to be undertaken by the orthodontist.