Background and Objectives:C-reactive protein (CRP) is a type I acute phase reactant. A number of studies have reported elevated serum CRP levels in periodontitis subjects, which decrease following periodontal therapy. However, the data of interventional studies on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of CRP is very scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of periodontal therapy on GCF CRP levels in patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis.Materials and Methods:A total of 60 subjects were included in the study with 20 subjects each in following groups: I-Healthy, II-Gingivitis, III-Mild periodontitis based on community periodontal index scores. Periodontal therapy was performed on Group II and Group III patients. GCF was collected from each subject at baseline and 3 months after periodontal therapy. The collected sample was subjected to biochemical analysis to detect CRP levels by using commercially available chemiluminescence immunoassay kit.Results:The present study demonstrated that the periodontitis group had a higher mean CRP level (2.49 ± 0.47 ng/ml) when compared with the Gingivitis group (1.40 ± 0.32 ng/ml) and Healthy group (0.56 ± 0.20 ng/ml). The mean CRP values after periodontal therapy were found to be reduced to 0.44 ± 0.23 ng/ml in Group II and 1.30 ± 0.36 ng/ml in Group III patients.Interpretation and Conclusion:Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that GCF CRP level progressively increases from periodontal health to disease. It can also be stated that there is a decrease in GCF CRP levels with periodontal treatment.
Dental calculus is a hard deposit that is formed by calcification of dental plaque primarily composed of calcium phosphate mineral salts which is deposited on natural teeth and restorations and is covered by a layer of unmineralized plaque. These hard deposits may form coronal to or apical to the gingival margin, hence named accordingly as supragingival and subgingival calculus respectively. The distribution of calculus is very versatile and it differs from individual to individual, from tooth to tooth, and from surface to surface. So, a thorough knowledge on prevalence of calculus is important for the clinician in outlining the treatment plan. It is a well-known fact that calculus is itself not an inducing agent for pathological changes that occur in gingival tissues; instead it is covered by a layer of unmineralized plaque which is proven to be the key etiological agent involved in these pathogenic mechanisms. But, attributing to the porosity of calculus and its ability to retain bacterial antigens makes it an important contributing factor in initiating and accentuating periodontal disease progression. In this review, we made an attempt to discuss various aspects of calculus composition, its formation, and its etiological significance in periodontal disease progression.
How to cite this article
Aghanashini S, Puvvalla B, Mundinamane DB, Apoorva SM, Bhat D, Lalwani M. A Comprehensive Review on Dental Calculus. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(2):42-50.
Aim
The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the clinical probing and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging technique for examination of the furcation involvement with the true level of involvement seen during open flap surgery (OFS).
Materials and methods
The study included 22 patients (50 molar teeth) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria with at least one molar tooth with grade II or III furcation involvement. After phase I therapy, furcation involvement was measured using both clinical probing and CBCT imaging technique. The measurements obtained during the OFS were then compared with those obtained by clinical probing and CBCT. To avoid bias, the assessments of furcation involvement by all three techniques were done by three different examiners.
Results
The agreement in the furcation gradings between clinical and CBCT findings gave a Cohen Kappa value of 0.03 [statistically insignificant (p = 0.80)] and between clinical and open surgical measurements gave a Cohen Kappa value of 0.11 [statistically insignificant (p = 0.38)]. However, agreement in the furcation gradings between CBCT and open surgical measurements gave a Cohen Kappa value of 0.89 and it was statistically significant (p = 0.001).
Conclusion
Thus, the results indicated that there was the highest agreement between measurements obtained using CBCT imaging technique and true level of involvement seen during OFS (89%) when compared to clinical and OFS measurements (11%) and clinical and CBCT measurements (3%).
Clinical significance
Thus, CBCT can be considered as an efficient diagnostic tool to accurately assess osseous defects at furcation sites when compared to clinical probing.
How to cite this article
Aghanashini S, Jayachandran C, Mundinamane DB, Nadiger S, Bhat D, Andavarapu S. Comparison of the Furcation Involvement by Clinical Probing and Cone Beam Computed Tomography with True Level of Involvement during Flap Surgery. World J Dent 2017;8(4):267-272.
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