Introduction-Breast cancer is the most common cancer and leading cause of death in women. In India, its incidence is rapidly rising over last few decades. Present study is aimed to study the pattern of expression of hormonal receptors and Her-2/neu in invasive breast carcinoma and to correlate estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her-2/neu expressions with various clinicopathological parameters. Material and methods: The present study was carried out in Department of Pathology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack in the year 2013 taking consecutive 100 cases. Routine H&E staining for histological diagnosis and IHC analysis for ER, PR and Her 2/ neu was carried out in all 100 cases of breast malignancies. Results: 99% of cases are invasive breast carcinoma, not otherwise specify (IDC-NOS). The age ranges from 23 years to 72 years. Majority of tumors are of grade 2 (70%) followed by grade 3 (30%). ER PR and Her-2/neu expression are seen in 45%, 35% and 30% respectively. Triple negative cases comprise 35%. Higher number of grade 2 tumor shows ER, PR positivity as compared to grade 3 tumors. Her-2/neu expression does not show any significant correlation with age or lymph node status of the patient. Conclusion: ER and PR expression in breast cancers in the current study are found to be comparable to the findings of other authors, but the frequency of HER-2/neu expression is slightly higher. Significant correlation is observed between hormonal receptor status and the grade of the tumor. Inverse relationship is found between Her-2/neu expression and ER, PR receptor status. Her-2/neu expression is increased with size and high grade of tumor.
Background:According to World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) encompass the tumors, which were previously termed as malignant schwannoma, neurogenic sarcoma, and neurofibrosarcoma. These are rare tumors constituting only 5% of all malignant soft tissue tumors. As per their name, they arise from the malignant proliferation of cells forming sheath of a nerve root. They cause spinal cord compression, secondary changes in the surrounding bone with variable amount of tumor tissue going into the paraspinal space. However, purely intraosseous origin of the MPNST with no visible connection with a nerve root or dura is rare and few cases have been described in the literature.Case Description:We present a primary intraosseous MPNST arising from the body of a thoracic spine with a minimal intraspinal component. However, there was a huge tumor part occupying the paraspinal and retrospinal region. The latter component was so large that it extended to lie just beneath the skin. The intraspinal component was confined to only one level. The giant extraspinal part was spanning multiple corresponding spinal level. We could not find such presentation in the literature.Conclusion:Gross total removal (GTR) followed by adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy is the optimal treatment for MPNST of spine. In case of multiple laminectomy or gross spinal instability, spinal instrumentation makes the treatment protocol complete.
A true primary malignant lymphoma of the bone is definedas a solitary mass lesion with no evidence of disease at others sites and no systemic dissemination within 6 months of detection of tumor. [1,2] Solitary, diffuse, and multifocal skull lesions fulfilling other criteria of primary malignant lymphoma were kept as selection criteria for our study. The electronic databases (Pubmed and Google Scholar) were searched using key words like extranodal lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and primary skull lymphoma. Titles and abstracts of the initially identified studies were screened to determine if they satisfied the selection criteria. Full-text articles were retrieved for the selected titles. Reference lists of the retrieved articles were searched for additional publications. We found that sporadic cases have been reported in different journals. [1-23] The patients have variable clinical presentation and management. To our knowledge, this is the largest series of 25 reviewed cases of primary skull lymphoma ever reported.
Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath (GCTTS) is a relatively common soft tissue neoplasm arising from the tendon sheaths of upper and lower extremities. However, the incidence of GCTTS at multiple sites is not yet reported in literature which is extremely rare. Here we are reporting a case of a 21 year female presenting with slow growing, firm swellings on bilateral elbow and tendoachilis region. Fine needle aspiration was done from all the sites which revealed the features of GCTTS. This case highlights the unusual multicentric presentation of GCTTS.
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