OBJECTIVES:Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a frequent disorder and depends on age and gender. Ineffective empiric treatment of UTI is common when associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of Gram-negative uropathogens of E. coli and K. pneumoniae in different age groups along with the identification of ESBL-producing uropathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 247 uropathogens of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were collected over a period of 1 year (January–December 2015) from various diagnostic centers of Karachi city (Pakistan). Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis was performed by disc diffusion method, and identification of ESBL was performed by double disc synergy test. Categorical data of ESBL and non-ESBL uropathogens were analyzed by Pearson's Chi-square test.RESULTS:The study of 247 patients with community-acquired UTI comprised 72% females and 28% males, illustrating an increased prevalence of UTIs among females. It was also revealed that 90% belonged to the age group of 16–30 years whereas 78% related to the age group of 46–60 years. ESBL was found positive in 33.5% (63/188) of E. coli and 15.25% (9/59) in K. pneumonia, with a significant association i.e., (p =0.007). Amikacin, fosfomycin, imipenem, and tazobactam/piperacillin were found to be the effective treatment options. A significant association was found between ESBL-producing uropathogens against ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid resistance (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:It was concluded that for effective treatment of UTIs, appropriate screening of ESBL and culture sensitivity must be employed instead of empiric treatment.

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NSAIDs are the most consumable class of drugs used in daily life for a number of ailments like analgesia, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic effect. One of the racemic NSAIDs of the parent drug ibuprofen is Dexibuprofen. As reported in numerous studies, Dexibuprofen is more potent in effect. Dexibuprofen can be interchanged in the clinical practice. This research focuses on the comparative analysis of different commercial brands of Dexibuprofen from different perspectives, including physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic properties, and pharmacopeial properties. A comparison of Dexibuprofen will provide significant aspects of this product and show its cost effectiveness and interchangeability. Different tests were performed on six marketed common brands of Dexibuprofen. The results were compared and analyzed using different statistical tools and presented in tables are graphs. All the brands followed USP/BP guidelines and their properties lie within acceptable ranges, it has been observed in research through statistical tools that all these six brands in terms of hardness, thickness, weight variation, and dissolution profile (at different pH media) showed significance, which indicates that all the brands have similarities in their properties and significant variations in drug performance of all marketed brands in different pH as dissolution medium at different time intervals. Although in certain points of percentages the results indicate the superiority of brands 01 (DS) in many properties but due to the high price of this brand it might not be preferred in common population, while study concludes that all brands are similar in comparative analysis in different properties and followed by guidelines, they exhibit acceptable properties and are safe to use.