724 women candidates from India campaigned for their parties in the lead up to the parliamentary elections of 2019, and yet none of them were appraised for their oratorical skills. The absence of attention on how and what women say during their political campaigns is in keeping with a widespread apathy towards women’s rhetoric in public discourses in India. Could that be the reason why electoral participation of women in India is alarmingly low and uninspiring? This article explores the gendered life of political speeches in India and the specific conditions within which the speeches of women candidates are assessed and promoted. To that end, the speeches of three political candidates are analysed, revealing an exhilarating battle of campaign rhetorics fraught with language restrictions and gender dynamics. Each of these speakers showcase a personal, idiosyncratic yet nifty tradition of political speeches through their use of domestic idioms, imagery, satire, and other feisty rhetorical claims. Most significantly, their speeches were covered by many media, catapulting to the forefront the so far neglected genre of women’s political speeches. Although refreshing, it is still an uphill battle for the candidates, as they establish themselves as rhetors on their own terms.
Can religious texts be read rhetorically? Or are these texts immutable archetypes that prevent rhetorical interpretations? I would like to argue that like other living texts, rhetorical readings of religious texts facilitate not only uninhibited dialogues but also foster new knowledge through disagreements and adaptations. Following this, I read the Bhagavad Gita as an instance of a religious text that has been exposed to both conservative and pluralistic interpretations. Most readers of the Gita contend with its philosophical content but rarely with its argumentative form. My interests lie in accentuating the contradictions within this form and revealing how the symbolic order of the text is activated through a series of antinomies. They will, I believe, unveil multiple rhetorical transformations the text has encountered and sustained, and enable similar persuasive transgressions hereafter.
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