OBJECTIVEParental presence in the operating room during the induction of anesthesia (PPIA) has been shown to decrease parent and child anxiety and increase satisfaction with patient experience in outpatient otolaryngological procedures, such as tympanostomy tube placement. PPIA for other procedures, such as a major neurosurgical intervention, has been a practice at the authors’ institutions for many years. This practice is not universally accepted across the United States, and the potential benefits for patients and families have not been formally evaluated. The aim of this study is to provide a qualitative analysis of parental and patient satisfaction with PPIA at the authors’ institution.METHODSAll patients younger than 18 years who underwent surgical intervention at the authors’ institution between August 2013 and December 2015 were identified. All surgeries were performed by a single neurosurgeon. A random sample of 96 parents were contacted by telephone for a qualitative, semiscripted interview; 42 parents completed the interviews. The interview consisted of a validated satisfaction assessment in addition to a standardized open-ended questionnaire. Thematic analysis was performed until saturation was achieved, and responses were coded into the predominant themes. Member checking was performed, and a thick description was created.RESULTSThe predominant themes identified with PPIA were 1) perception of induction as traumatizing or distressing to witness, 2) positive feelings regarding having been present, 3) satisfaction regarding the overall experience with surgery, 4) variable feelings in parents who decided not to attend induction, and 5) mixed feelings in the interactions with the care team. Parents expressed an array of positive, negative, and neutral impressions of the experience; however, overall, most experiences were positive. Most parents would choose PPIA again if their child required additional surgery.CONCLUSIONSThis is the first study to evaluate the benefit of PPIA for pediatric neurosurgical patients. The results show a unique insight into medical communication and patient satisfaction with high-risk surgeries. PPIA may be able to help shape an environment of trust and increase satisfaction with perioperative care.

Purpose: To determine the impact of the Beyond the Books (BTB) program, a short-term pre-clinical intervention, on medical student attitudes toward the underserved (MSATU).Methods: BTB was evaluated through a prospective cohort study using the validated MSATU questionnaire.Results: There were no significant MSATU total score differences between BTB students (n=13) and student controls (n=29) at the beginning of the program. At the program's conclusion, BTB participant MSATU total scores were significantly higher than those of controls (p<0.001).Conclusion: Although limited by selection methods, our MSATU data support the capability of short-term pre-clinical interventions to significantly improve medical student attitudes toward underserved communities.

Gynecologic cancers comprise of mostly uterine, ovarian, and cervical malignancies and are responsible for 95,000 new cases annually in the United States. Uterine cancer is the most common and the number of new cases and mortality has been increasing. Cervical cancer has decreased due to screening, early detection, and treatment of pre-invasive cancers. However, ovarian cancer remains the most lethal because of advanced stage at diagnosis and drug resistance. The metastatic spread pattern differs amongst these cancers, with uterine and cervical cancer found mostly in the primary organ and ovarian cancer disseminating throughout the peritoneum and upper abdomen at presentation. The primary treatment of ovarian cancer typically involves surgery followed by systemic therapy for more advanced disease. Previously, systemic chemotherapy with platinums, taxanes, doxorubicin, topotecan, and gemcitabine has been the standard in either upfront or recurrent setting. With molecular and genetic breakthroughs, we now have over eight new indications and five novel biologic therapies including antiangiogenics, poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors, and immunotherapies approved over the last 3 years. In this review, we will examine the biology of gynecologic cancer metastasis and focus on new treatment options for these cancers with a focus on ovarian cancer.