The 582 data collected from Central, Zonal and District level Hospitals, which occurred from Magh 2057 to Poush 2058 produced significant results. Various parameters (age, sex, marital status, time of ingestion, month of occurrence, Agent responsible for the incidence, type of poisoning, outcome and duration of treatment) were analyzed. Similarly the pattern of frequency distribution of the above-mentioned parameter in central, zonal and district level of hospitals were compared.Hypothesis were made and tested. Females were found to be more susceptible to the intentional incidence than male (p = 0.000). Intentional poisoning for unmarried male was found to be more (34%) than for female. On the contrary, intentional poisoning in female was high in case of married subjects (57%)(p = 0.000). The most common type of poisoning causing the intentional attempt was organophosphates (40%) followed by Phosphides (14%). On the other hand unintentional poisoning was most common due to the unclassified and other agents (8%), which were followed by hydrocarbons (6.3%). (p = 0.000). The most common organophosphate used for intentional attempt for poisoning is methyl parathion (31%) when compared with other groups of organophosphates (26%). Sedative and hypnotics were the most common type of drugs (43%) used for intentional attempt. Nighttime incidence was more frequent (31%). Homicidal poisoning occurring in both central and district hospital were equal being 3.6% of the total types of attempt of incidence. Most of the cases as obvious were found to be cured (84.8% out of total cases). The zonal hospital shows the highest cure rate (89.2%) followed by district hospital (74.2%)-the comparison however excludes central level hospitals. The mortality however is similar in both hospitals (4.4% and 4.5% respectively in zonal and district hospitals).Accidental intake of hydrocarbon was found to be most frequent in the children (33%) while intentional intakes of other agents were more frequent in adults (97%). The rainy season was the most common season for the attempt of intentional incidence (47.8%) adding to mortality. The most common age group of subjects exposed to intentional attempt that adds to the mortality is 15-24 years (39.1%). The TYPE, primarily adding to mortality was intentional intake (91.3%) (p = 0.008). Most of the intentional incidence adding to mortality is caused by organophosphates (66.7%) followed by Phosphides (19%). Subjects between age group 15-24 are more likely to cause the intentional exposure (44%) while children below five years are more likely to cause accidental KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY VOL. I, No. V, SEPTEMBER 2008, pp 40-48. 41 exposure (6%) (p = 0.000). Seasonal comparison showed a high incidence in rainy season (24%) as compared to that of autumn (23%).

tIgE levels, FNO and AEC levels are higher in asthma, specifically in the atopic phenotype, as compared to normal. Total serum IgE levels have moderate correlation with FNO and AEC but FNO and AEC are weakly correlated.

FNO levels were higher in bronchial asthma (despite disease control) than in normal non-smoking adults and subjects with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Levels of FNO were similar between the chronic obstructive airway disease and normal groups.

OBJECTIVESThis study was designed with the objectives of describing the distribution pattern of microorganisms responsible for causing LRTI in the workers of garment industries. MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 198 cases of suspected person of Lower Respiratory Tract infection (LRTI) LRTI were included in this study. This study was conducted between November 2009 to April 2010. Specimen for the study was expectorated sputum. Gram-stain, Ziehl-Neelsen stains and culture were performed. RESULTSOn direct microscopic examination, 20.51% were Gram positive bacteria, 79.48% were Gram negative bacteria and 4% were smear positive AFB. On culture sensitivity examination, 22% percent showed growth of different bacteria in different culture media. The bacteria isolated from the samples included Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.38%), Proteus mirabilis (15.38%) and Citrobacterfruendii(15.38%). Gram Negative bacteria were found most susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (92.30%, 24/26) and Amikacin (92.30%, 24/26). Similarly, Gram Positive bacteria were found most susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (100%, 8/8) followed by Cloxacillin and Cephalexin (87.5%, 7/8). Smear positive AFB was significantly associated with not using the protective measures (mask) by workers and presence of symptoms (cough for more than two weeks, night sweat, hemoptysis and anorexia) (p=0.031). Culture positivity was significantly associated with symptoms like production of purulent sputum (p=0.045). CONCLUSIONThere was insignificant association between LRTI and risk factors present in working room of garment industries. Most of the isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and resistance to Ampicillin and Cephalexin.

Background: Metabolic syndrome represents a constellation of metabolic derangements including insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular disease. Since it is associated with higher risk of coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus, timely detection is important. Objectives: The main objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in individuals undergoing comprehensive cardiac and general medical check-up at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. The other objectives were to find the gender and ethnic prevalence of this condition. Methods: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital among 389 healthy participants of both gender and above 20 years of age who underwent comprehensive cardiac and general medical check-up. Metabolic Syndrome was diagnosed using US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Results: Out of the 389 subjects, 56 persons were found to be having metabolic syndrome (14.40%). Metabolic syndrome was more common in female and obese people and the prevalence did not differ with ethnicity. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the present study has been found to be 14.40 %. It is important to diagnose this condition in time so that subsequent complications can be prevented.Journal of Kathmandu Medical College Vol. 2, No. 3, Issue 5, Jul.-Sep., 2013 Page: 112-116DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v2i3.9934Uploaded date : 2/28/2014