The aim of this research is to adapt the Free time management scale
The aim of this study is to investigate the antipathic attitudes of the orienteering athletes towards the protection of the ecocentric (nature centered), anthropocentric (human centered) environment and the environment, and to determine its relationship with benefit through recreation. The study included 294 orienteering athletes, selected by random sampling, from licensed club athletes participating in competitions at national level, The data were obtained by "Ecocentric, Anthropocentric and Antipathic Attitude Towards Environment Scale which is developed by Thompson and Barton (1994) and was adapted to Turkish by Erten (2007). And the Recreational Benefit Scale is used, was developed and reliability studies in the Turkish version by Akgül, Ertüzün and Karaküçük (2008) In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, independent single sample test, one-way ANOVA test, Tukey (HSD-LSD) test for in-group comparisons and Pearson Correlation test were used. In this study, .84 for environmental attitude and .95 internal consistency coefficient for recreation benefit were obtained. As a result of the analyzes, the anthropocentric attitudes of the orienteering athletes had the highest average (44,19 ± 8,87), while the ecocentric attitude scores were close to the average (65,30 ± 8,24) and the antipathic attitude scores were below the average (25, 69 ± 13,66). When the recreation benefit scale is examined, participants who exhibit a moderate recreation benefit score (103.35 ± 13.78) have the highest benefit score in the physical (30.27 ± 4.40) and the lowest benefit subscale score in the psychological subscale (34,49) ± 4,95). On the recreation benefit scale, participants with moderate recreation benefit scores received the highest benefit score in the physical subscale and the lowest benefit subscale score in the psychological subscale. According to the findings, significant differences were found between the participants' educational level, perceived income level, daily leisure and orienteering time, ecosentric, anthropocentric and antipathic attitudes towards environment and recreation benefit scale, but no statistically significant difference was found between the gender variable and the scales. According to the findings, the antipathic attitude scores of the participants with lower education level, those with lower income level, those
ÖZETBu çalışmanın amacı, doğada yapılan rekreasyonel aktivitelere katılımın çevreye yönelik tutum üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmek ve elde edilen verilere göre karşılaştırılmasını sağlamaktır. EFFECTS OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES PARTICIPATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES AND RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF NEW ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM SCALE ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the "New Ecological Paradigm Scale" (Dunlap, Van Liere, Mertig and Jones, 2000) and compare the effects of recreational activities participation on individuals' environmental attitudes. 100 male (M age = 22.60 ± 1.72) and 122 female (M age = 21.67 ± 1.52) totally 222 university students different departments in Ankara participated to this study. Principle Component factor analysis was performed with 15 items in order to identify the underlying dimensions of the "New Ecological Paradigm Scale" (NEP). The loading matrix supported 1 factor structure and 12 items explains 51 % of variance. Three items which were loaded below .40 were eliminated from the Turkish version. The internal consistency of total scale was .72. Independent samples t-tests were used to assess the mean differences in attitude scores with respect to gender, age and recreational activities participation. The results of independent samples t-tests indicated a significant difference in attitude scores between the age groups in favour of "19-22" age. However, results of t-test analyses indicated that there was no significant mean difference with regard to gender and recreational activities participation. It can be concluded that the NEP is a reliable and valid instrument to assess the environmental attitudes of Turkish university students.
Oryantiring bireylerin kazanım elde etmesine katkı sağlayan eğitici yönüyle ön plana çıkan bir aktivite türü olarak göze çarpmaktadır. Bu noktada bireylerin rekreasyonel amaçlı oryantiring branşına katılımları doğrultusunda deneyim, beceri geliştirmeleri söz konusudur ve bu amaçla kişisel bir çaba harcanmaktadır. Ciddi boş zaman olgusunu ortaya koyan bu yaklaşımla bu araştırmada, oryantiring sporcularının ciddi boş zaman perspektiflerinin ne olduğu, bu perspektifi belirli değişkenlerin değiştirip değiştirmediği sorularına açıklık getirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada Ankara ilinde bir ciddi boş zaman aktivitesi olarak oryantiring sporu ile ilgilenen 128'i kadın 121'i erkek 249 öğrenci çalışma grubunu oluştururken, araştırmanın verileri Gould ve arkadaşları (2008) tarafından geliştirilen, Akgül ve arkadaşları (2016) tarafından Türkçe'ye uyarlanan Ciddi Boş Zaman Envanteri (Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure / SLIM) ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılım göstermediği Skewness-Kurtosis testleriyle ortaya koyulmuş, katılımcıların demografik verilerine yönelik dağılımları betimleyici istatistikler ile gösterilmiştir. İkili gruplar için MannWhitney-U testinden, üç ve üzeri gruplar için Kruskall-Wallis testinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara bakıldığında katılımcıların yüksek bir ciddi boş zaman puanı sergiledikleri, en yüksek alt boyut puanını azim, en düşük alt boyut puanını ise uğraşla özdeşim alt boyutunda elde ettikleri görülmüştür.Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara bakıldığında katılımcıların oryantiring branşıyla ilişkilerinin ciddi boş zaman kavramıyla iç içe olduğu, bu ilişkiyi cinsiyet, algılanan refah, yaşanılan bölge, oryantiring yapma süresi ve son zamanlarda yarışmalara katılma durumunun değiştirdiği ifade edilebilir. Sonuç olarak oryantiring gibi farklı branşlar üzerinde sınanacak çalışmalarla, rekreasyon gibi farklı çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulan, genişletilmesi gereken bu alana katkı sağlanması önerilmektedir.
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