No abstract
The analysis of the infestation of American mink with nematodes in the natural biocenoses of the Kirov Region (floodplains of the Vyatka, Kama, Cheptsa and Moloma rivers) in the north-east of the European part of Russia was carried out. 13 species of nematodes were identified (72.2% of the entire helminth fauna). Two new species to the region were found: Crenosoma taiga (Skrjabin et Petrov, 1928) and Mustelivingylus skrjabini (Romanov et Kontrimavichus, 1962). The nematode fauna is based on 4 species: Aonchotheca putorii, Aonchotheca mucronata, Crenosoma taiga, Skrjabingylus nasicola. Epizootic and epidemiological danger is represented by Trichinella spp. The highest infection rates were found in Aonchotheca putorii, which is localized mainly in the stomach (invasion intensity (II) 81%, extent of invasion (EI) 74.8±13.8 specimens). The second place in terms of infestation is occupied by Aonchotheca mucronata (II 44.5%, EI 4.2±0.6 specimens). Skrjabingylus nasicola and Crenosoma taiga have low infection rates (II 8.7%, EI 2.3±0.5 specimens and II 4.9%, EI 2.6±0.7 specimens, respectively). Infestation of mink with Trichinella larvae is 3% at high rates of prevalens. Filaroides martis are extremely rare in the American mink, they do not form cysts, as in other mustelids.
The aim of the study was to assess the data concerning the modern methods of retina visualization (optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence) and its interrelation with the data concerning the modern elec-troretinographic methods for research of Stargardt desease, verified with the help of molecular genetic methods. It was found that the shift of macular electroretinogramm to the red stimulus correlates with the parameters of optic coherent tomography: inverse high correlation between the "transverse defect" and a-wave amplitude of macular electroretinogramm (r=-0,83, p<0,01), thus indicating interconnection between lowering of photoreceptor function and structural changes of junction between outer and inner photoreceptor segments. Correlation between the "transverse defect" and b-wave amplitude of macular electroretinogramm (r=-0,37, p<0,01) proves the existence of interrelation between electrogenesis of middle retina layers (bipolar cells) in fovea and biometrical markers of structural changes in photoreceptors caused by Stargardt desease. The hallmarks of Stargardt desease, revealed by the optical coherence tomography, are the hyperreflective spots, localized in retinal pigment epithelium and reaching the outer nuclear layer, together with the damaged interface line of the outer and inner photoreceptors segments. Autofluoresence caused by Stargardt desease demonstrates combination of hypofluorescence in fovea with hypofluorescence in the posterior pole. For the first time the following etiologic mutations of ABCA4 gene, associated with Stargardt desease were revealed in Russian population: rsl800553 (Glyl961Glu), rs61752418 (Aspl093Gly), rs61751374 (Alal038Val), rs201471607 (Asn965Ser), rsl801581 (Arg943Gln), rs75197161 (Gly863Ala delG863), rs76157638 (Arg653Cys) и rs61751392 (Leu541Pro) ABCA4.
On the territory of the Vyatka-Kama interfluve within the Kirov region in the 2011–2017, method of complete helminthological autopsies investigated 39 individuals of American mink urbanized territories. The study of trichinosis was conducted with the help of the compressor method. The calculation of extensiveness, the intensity of invasion and abundance index was carried out.The infection extensity with helminths of the American mink is 92,3%. Helminth fauna is represented by seven species from two classes: Trematoda and Nematoda. Four species of helminthes were found in females: Alaria alata (larvae), Eupariphium melis, Capillaria putorii, Capillaria mucronata. The intensity of infection A. putoriiand I. melis significantly exceeds in males than in females (t = 5,1, P ≥ 0.999 and t = 2,3, P ≥ 0,95). The intensity of infection with helminths is significantly exceeded in young American mink than of adults (t = 2,4, P ≥ 0,95 и t = 2,5, P ≥ 0,95).The first place in terms of occurrence is Capillaria putorii. It is found in most in-fected minks (71.8%). It is localized mainly in the stomach. If the stomach is empty, the nematode is localized in its mucosa. Sometimes they are recorded in the intes-tines. This nematode also ranks first in the intensity of invasion: the average number of C. putorii in all infected animals was 102 copies, and the maximum – 493 copies. C. putorii has the highest abundance index (73.2 ind.) and dominates the parasite of the American mink transformed areas. Eupariphium melis is the only trematode recorded in the adult stage of the American mink in urban biocenoses. The extensive invasion was 56.4%. The intensity of invasion – 11 (1–40) copies.
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