The analysis of the infestation of American mink with nematodes in the natural biocenoses of the Kirov Region (floodplains of the Vyatka, Kama, Cheptsa and Moloma rivers) in the north-east of the European part of Russia was carried out. 13 species of nematodes were identified (72.2% of the entire helminth fauna). Two new species to the region were found: Crenosoma taiga (Skrjabin et Petrov, 1928) and Mustelivingylus skrjabini (Romanov et Kontrimavichus, 1962). The nematode fauna is based on 4 species: Aonchotheca putorii, Aonchotheca mucronata, Crenosoma taiga, Skrjabingylus nasicola. Epizootic and epidemiological danger is represented by Trichinella spp. The highest infection rates were found in Aonchotheca putorii, which is localized mainly in the stomach (invasion intensity (II) 81%, extent of invasion (EI) 74.8±13.8 specimens). The second place in terms of infestation is occupied by Aonchotheca mucronata (II 44.5%, EI 4.2±0.6 specimens). Skrjabingylus nasicola and Crenosoma taiga have low infection rates (II 8.7%, EI 2.3±0.5 specimens and II 4.9%, EI 2.6±0.7 specimens, respectively). Infestation of mink with Trichinella larvae is 3% at high rates of prevalens. Filaroides martis are extremely rare in the American mink, they do not form cysts, as in other mustelids.
This study aims to study the pike (Esox lucius) parasitic fauna in the Vyatka River of the Kirov region. Studies were conducted at two sites in the middle of the river Vyatka in 2016–2018 The distance between them is 300 km. A total of 26 individuals were investigated. Caught specimens of fish were examined for the presence of parasites in accordance with generally accepted methods. Over the entire period of studying the pike parasite fauna in the Vyatka River, 24 different parasite species were recorded by various researchers. As a result of our research, 9 species of parasites were recorded, trematodes – 1 species – Azygia lucii, cestodes – 1 species - Triaenophorus nodulosus, nematodes – 2 species – Сamallanus lacustris, Raphidascaris acus, proboscis worm – 3 species – Acanthocephalus anguillae, Acanthocephalus lucii, Neoechinorhynchus rutili, crustaceans 1 species – Ergasilus sieboldi and glochidia 1 species – Anodonta cygnea. The total infection of pike with all kinds of parasites was 100%, with intestinal species – 66.6%. The high extensiveness of invasion is marked by crustaceans Ergasilus sieboldi – 73.1%. The study provides a comparative analysis of the parasite fauna of the common pike in the Vyatka River over 80 years. There is a tendency to reduce the species diversity of pike parasites from 24 species to 9, the disappearance of some species and the acquisition of new ones – proboscis worm Acanthocephalus anguillae with extensiveness of invasion – 15.4%, intensity of invasion – 5.3 specimen, abundance index – 0.81 specimen. The results obtained allow us to conclude that there is a significant decrease in the species diversity of pike parasites, which is probably due to the influence of the anthropogenic factor.
High infection of moose with parafasciolopsosis in the North of the non-black earth region, reaching up to 75%, indicates favorable conditions for the circulation of the parasite in ecosystems, high biological pollution of the environment with eggs Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha. The purpose of our study is to study the fecundity of P. fasciolaemorpha depending on the age of the definitive host and abiotic environmental factors (time of year). Fluke fecundity was determined by counting eggs in the uterus. We divided the invasive moose into 2 categories: young and adult, and the date of production was taken into account also. Fecundity was determined in 230 flukes. From fingerlings, 93 specimens were examined for the presence of eggs, from adult moose – 137 specimens of P. fasciolaemorpha. Statistical processing of the material was performed using EXCEL. The fecundity of the Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha, which is an obligate parasite of moose, is relatively low and depends both on the age of the definitive host and on abiotic environmental factors (time of year). When parasitizing moose fingerlings, the average fertility of P. fasciolaemorpha reaches the highest values in the autumn months (30.1±2.17 copies), the lowest values – in the winter months (5.7±1.16). Fecundity of trematodes reaches maximum values when parasitizing in moose fingerlings – up to 45 eggs in the uterus, in adult moose – up to 25 eggs. The average fecundity of P. fasciolaemorpha marites that parasitize adult moose is 3 times lower than that of fingerlings. In autumn and spring, the fecundity of marites that parasitize adult moose increases to an average of 5.0–12.7 eggs in the winter months, trematodes are released from eggs and the average fecundity of P. fasciolaemorpha is 2.35–3.5 eggs. Low fecundity of trematodes is compensated by a high intensity of invasion.
Trichinelloscopy of wild animals is necessary to monitor the epizootological and epidemiological situation in the Kirov Region. During the period 2002–2021, 861 representatives of wild mammals, including 186 rodents and 257 wild boars, were studied by trichinelloscopy and, additionally, digestion in artificial gastric juice. The total infection with Trichinella larvae of the studied animals was 11%. Trichinella larvae were not found in otters, rodents and wild boars. The highest infection rates were registered in the wolf – EI – 76.1%, II – 18.2 (0.2 – 141.1) larvae per 1 g of muscle. The fox is less infected - 51.7%. Average intensity of invasion was 42.8 (4.5 – 195) larvae per 1 g of muscle. Extensiveness of invasion of lynx was 43.8%, raccoon dog – 20.0%, brown bear – 12.1%. 2 out of 3 wolverines are infected with Trichinella larvae. Trichinella larvae were found in 28.6% of weasels, 14% of badgers, 9.5% of martens and 2.9% of American minks. Badgers and minks have the highest rates of intensity of invasion. The Kirov Region is stationary unfavorable for trichinellosis of wild predatory animals, because in nature, a high extensiveness of invasion persists for a long time. The main distributors of trichinella invasion in this region are large predators: wolf, fox, and lynx.
Sarcocystosis (sarkosporidiosis) is a widespread, but insufficiently studied, protozoal disease of farm animals and humans, wild animals and birds. Sarcocystosis was not registered in wild animals in the territory of the Kirov region.Samples from 218 carcasses of wild boars caught in various parts of the Kirov region from 2011 to 2019 were examined for spontaneous defeat by sarcocystosis. Samples were taken from various muscle groups and the heart. They were examined by visual inspection methods and using a compressor. In the selection of muscle samples, we took into account the area, age, sex, fatness of the animal.In a study of 191 boar carcasses in 2012–2017, we did not identify sarcocysts in the muscles and heart. Sarcocistosis in wild boars in the north of the Non-Black Earth Region was registered in the last hunting season of 2018–2019 in the study of 27 carcas boars. The extensiveness of invasion was 25,9%, the intensity of invasion is low – 4,3±1,3 (1–14) cysts in the compressor. The length of the sarcocysts is 0,5–1,36 (0,88±0,1) mm, the width is 0,12–0,18 (0,15±0,01) mm. The infection rate of young boars was 57,1%.Sarcocystosis in wild duck mallards was registered by us in May 2011. Cysts were 4x1 mm, white colored. The intensity of invasion in wild ducks was high. We found Sarcocystis rileyi in wild ducks from the Nizhny Novgorod and Vologda regions.
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