Maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is one of the most significant advances in dental imaging since rotational panoramic radiography. While the acquisition of CBCT data is technically simple, numerous parameters should be considered so that CBCT imaging is performed appropriately and 'task specific'. This involves an understanding of not only exposure (e.g. geometric and software parameters to minimize patient dose, while sustaining diagnostic image quality) but also image formatting options to maximize image display. CBCT images contain far more detailed information of the maxillofacial region than do panoramic or other 2-D images and necessitate a thorough knowledge of the 3-D anatomy of the region and considerations of variability in the range of the anatomically normal. These principles, procedures and protocols, together with the interpretation of CBCT images form the basis of best practices in maxillofacial CBCT imaging. This communication aims to provide: (1) an overview of the fundamental principles of operation of maxillofacial CBCT technology; (2) an understanding of 'task specific' equipment, image selection and image display modes; and (3) a systematic methodology for sequencing interpretation of CBCT images.Keywords: 3-D X-ray, computed tomography, X-ray, cone beam, dental radiography, diagnostic image processing.Abbreviations and acronyms: ALARA = As Low As Reasonably Achievable; CAT = computed axial tomography; CBCT = cone beam computed tomography; CMOS = complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology; CT = computed tomography; DVR = direct volume rendering; FDK = Feldkamp; FH = Frankfort horizontal; FOV = field of view; FPD = flat panel detectors; HU = Hounsfield units; II ⁄ CCD = image intensifiers and charge-coupled device; IVR = indirect volume rendering; kV = kilovolt; mA = milliampere; MIP = maximum intensity projection; MPR = multiplanar reformations; MSCT = multiple slice detector acquisition; ROI = region of interest; RPR = rotational panoramic radiography; TACT = tuned aperture computed tomography.

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It is concluded that carotid atherosclerosis is a risk factor for hemispheric stroke in patients undergoing CPB.

A synchrotron radiation beamline in the photon energy range of 18 -240 eV and an electron spectroscopy end station have been constructed at the 3 GeV Diamond Light Source storage ring. The instrument features a variable polarisation undulator, a high resolution monochromator, a re-focussing system to form a beam spot of 50x50 µm 2 and an end station for angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) including a 6-degrees-of-freedom cryogenic sample manipulator. The beamline design and its performance allow for a highly productive and precise use of the ARPES technique at an energy resolution of 10 -15 meV for fast k-space mapping studies with a photon flux up to 2 • 10 13 ph/sec and well below 3 meV for high resolution spectra.

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