Organic blend thin films consisting of semiconducting poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and insulating high-density polyethylene (HDPE) have been fabricated by novel application of a large area wire-bar coating technique in air. The microstructure of P3HT:HDPE blend films reveals a strong structural dependence on initial composition. Preferential segregation of P3HT toward the film surface is observed for all blend compositions, while P3HT (or P3HT-rich) columnar structures enclosed by HDPE (or HDPE-rich) lamellar matrix is distinctive for 50:50 (by weight) blends. The transistors fabricated with P3HT:HDPE blend films show a clear field effect behavior, exhibiting charge carrier mobilities up to 5 × 10−2 cm2/Vs, comparable to the values reported in spin-coated similar blends and of neat P3HT devices. The wire-bar coated blend films and devices are highly repeatable and spatially uniform over large areas (few cm by few cm), demonstrating the suitability of this technique for manufacturing of large area organic electronic devices.
Charge mobility is a key parameter for understanding the performance of organic semiconductor devices and materials. A range of techniques is available that can measure charge mobility with varying accuracy and precision. In this paper we analyze the dark injection transient current (DITC) method from a metrology perspective. We carried out a systematic study of the sensitivity of single carrier analogues of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) to small changes in electrical input and environmental conditions. We observed that the experimental results depend strongly on the previous history of the device under test, with both long term and short term effects in evidence. Our findings demonstrate the need for caution in interpreting the results of single experiments to determine the charge mobility of OLEDs and the difficulty of associating uncertainty statements with the results of charge mobility measurements.
In this paper we describe the wavefront aberrations that arise when imaging biological specimens using an optical sectioning microscope and generate simulated wavefronts for a planar refractive index mismatch. We then investigate the capability of two deformable mirrors for correcting spherical aberration at different focusing depths for three different microscope objective lenses. Along with measurement and analysis of the mirror influence functions we determine the optimum mirror pupil size and number of spatial modes included in the wavefront expansion and we present measurements of actuator linearity and hysteresis. We find that both mirrors are capable of correcting the wavefront aberration to improve imaging and greatly extend the depth at which diffraction limited imaging is possible.
Charge mobility is a key parameter for understanding the performance of organic semiconductor devices and materials. A range of techniques is available that can measure charge mobility with varying accuracy and precision. We review the dark injection transient current method from a metrology perspective with a particular emphasis on quantification of uncertainties that arise from the technique itself and from the inherent variability of devices and materials. We have carried out a systematic study of the space-charge-limited dark injection transient current technique as a method of measuring charge mobility in polymer organic light emitting diodes, paying particular attention to varying the amplitude, duration and repetition rate of the applied voltage and to environmental factors such as changes in the ambient temperature. We show that the results of the experiment depend strongly on the previous history of the device and that both long-term and short-term effects can be identified. As a result, we are able to quantify the contribution of these effects to the uncertainties associated with estimates of charge mobility obtained using the dark injection method.
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