Malnutrition in all its forms remains one of the most serious and neglected health problem. This longitudinal study referred pragmatic was carried out, which tested or aimed to assess the impact of Moringa leaf powder on the nutritional status of malnourished children. It was a pilot study in Ouagadougou severely malnourished children using Moringa as a nutritional supplement. We investigated the correlations and the impact of Moringa leaf powder on the nutritional status. A sample of 110 children aged 6 -59 months was recruited and randomly selected and assigned to two treatments Group I and Group II. They received the CREN's standard nutritional care diet but the Group I received more dose of 10 g of Moringa leaf powder per day. At the end, a significant improvement in the key parameters was recorded in both groups. However, the group receiving the Moringa supplement recorded a higher average weight gain (8.9 ± 4.3 g/kg/day, against 5.7 ± 2.72 g/kg/day in Group II) and a quicker recovery rate, with an average stay of 36 ± 16.54 days, against 57 ± 19.20 days amongst those not receiving the Moringa supplement. There is no significant improvement in hemoglobin rate in either group (p = 0.060 Group I, p = 0.063 Group II). Tolerability was considered to be good, as there were no recorded cases of medical admittance, no any occurrence of digestive disorders. The supplementation of Moringa leaf powder appears to be effective in improving the nutritional recovery of severely malnourished children.

The promotion of the consumption of indigenous plant species with high nutritional value is an important nutrition intervention in Africa rural areas. The current student was a randomized control trial of two groups (ᶲG₥ and ᶲGm) with a baseline and an endline evaluation after 12 weeks. A total of 119 pre-school children received Moringa leaf powder and changes in vitamin A and anthropometric indicators of children were assessed against changes for control group children. After 12 weeks, the mean WHZ reflecting acute malnutrition declined in both groups. The mean WHZ decreased from -2.31 z-score to -1.86 z-score in group 1 (ᶲG₥) and -2.20 z-score to -1.88 z-score in group 2 (ᶲGm) receiving Moringa as a dietary supplement with a statistically significant decrease in groups (p <0.001). The mean serum retinol concentration in children was below the cut-off defining VA deficiency (<0.7 µmol.L -1 ). The baseline prevalence of VA deficiency was 56.8% in group 1 and 53.8% in group 2. Mean retinol concentrations increased significantly from 0.64 µmol.L -1 to 0.73 µmol.L -1 (p <0.001) in Group 1 (ᶲG₥ (Control) and from 0.64 µmol.L -1 to 0.74 ± 0.05 µmol.L -1 (p <0.001) in group 2 (ᶲGm). Significant increase was observed regardless of gender in both groups. The change between groups was not statistically significant (p=0.838). Our findings showed that the intervention was not effective enough in the change in serum retinol status in children (p = 0.379). The change in serum retinol was significantly influenced by serum retinol concentration at baseline. Therefore, the promotion of Moringa leaf consumption should be complemented by additional approaches to increase VA intake, as well as through public health measures such as deworming programs, to enhance its effectiveness in the fight against VA deficiencies and many other micronutrients.

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Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is an excellent way for the diagnosis of high digestive pathology. We report the results of 1022 upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed at Bobo-Dioulasso CHU-SS, in western Burkina Faso (West Africa). The aim of this study was to document the indications and lesions found in high endoscopy at the CHUSS. Patients and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, prospective to describe the results of gastroscopy performed from 1st January 2015 to 30th June 2016 at the digestive endoscopy unit CHU-Souro Sanou Bobo-Dioulasso. Results: In the study period, 1022 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies were performed. The main indications were: The epigastric pain (48.6%), portal hypertension (10.7%) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (9.9%). The pathologies observed were dominated by gastropathies (48.11%), peptic ulcer (27%) and oesophageal varices (9.68%). Epigastralgias were the main circumstance for the discovery of: 52.3% of esophagitis, 49.17% of gastropathies and 46.12% of peptic ulcers. Histopathologically, the results of the 236 biopsies were dominated by gastritis (88.56%), stomach cancers (7.63%) and esophagus (3.81%). Conclusion: The main indication of the UGIE at the CHU-Souro Sanou in Bobo-Dioulasso was epigastralgia. The pathologies observed were dominated by gastropathy, esophagitis

The treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has increased significantly in recent years. In patients affected by HBeAg-negative CHB, it is necessary to distinguish the inactive carriers (low viral DNA < 2000 IU/mL, normal ALT, histological lesions absent or minimal) who does not need treatment, and patients suffering from active CHB (DNA > 2000 IU/ml, high transaminases or fluctuating, significant fibrosis and/or necro-inflammatory activity > 1) who must be treated. The main purpose of treatment is to obtain a long-lasting viral suppression to improve the histological lesions and reduce the risk of evolution towards cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It about an indefinite treatment (unless HBsAg seroclearance) expensive and often inaccessible for the majority of our patients. Our study aimed to report the results of four years follow-up of HBeAg-negative patients treated by Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). It was a clinical observational study with 133 patients including 95 men; the average age was 41.2 years, completing the criteria of treatment. One hundred and twelve patients were treated by tenofovir (TDF), fourteen by lamivudine and seven co-infected HIV/HBV patients by Atripla ® (combination TDF, Emtricitabine and Efavirenz). Virological and biochemical responses were respectively 100% and 94% after 4 years. The rate of HBsAg seroclearance was 1.5%. Twelve of fourteen patients (85.7%) had lamivudine resistance and no cases of resistance in the TDF and Atripla ® groups. One co-infected patient developed HCC during treatment. Among patients treated by TDF, two cases of hypophosphatemia were noticed and no case of kidney failure. The treatment of CHB is How to cite this paper: Somda