Given the role that innovation plays as an engine for economic development, we examined the enabling factor of institutions in Africa. Particularly, attention was given to determining the equivalent effects of institutional development on innovation. A sample of 40 African countries over the period 1996‐2012 was employed, and our baseline equation was estimated using the system generalised method of moments (SGMM) estimation technique. The empirical result reveals that government effectiveness and regulatory quality are two institutional measures that have the most equivalent impact on innovation. The extent of impact is an indication that institutions matter, especially when considering innovation in Africa. Therefore, to advance the rate of innovation in Africa, improving frameworks to drive regulations and enhance government effectiveness is a necessary instrument. Having these in place, Africa will be able to catch up with advanced economies.

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This study investigates how digitalization enhances the performance of commercial banks adopting the purposive method and simple random sampling selecting 370 non-managerial employees from a commercial bank. A self-structured questionnaire was used as the major instrument for data collection and was analysed using SPSS version 25. From the result, it was discovered that there was a mild significant and positive relationship between the digitalization process and commercial bank performance (r = 0.114*; p<.05). Also, there is a positive significant relationship between product innovation and performance of commercial banks in Nigeria (r = 0.186; p< 0.001). The study recommends that digitalization processes if adequately and correctly implemented, will have a significant positive relationship on the performance of commercial banks in Nigeria ceteris paribus.

Evidence from the literature confirms that firms are as productive as the quality of their factors of production, which includes labour (workers). This suggests that the quality of workers in a firm, in terms of attitude to work, determines the productivity of that firm. Firms can, thus, improve their performances by investing in their workers in such a way that their workers' possess positive attitude to work. Such investments, which represent human capital development as well as employee relations, can be in the form of bonuses, salary upgrade, commendations and sponsored trainings, among others. The research questions that arise include: do firms recognise this factor as a way of improving productivity? To what extent do incentives improve firms' productivity? The objective of this study, therefore, is to examine the effect of human capital development on workers' attitude to work using Mutual Benefits Assurance Plc as a case. The study is founded on a theoretical foundation established by Human Capital Theory, and Correlation estimation technique was adopted for the research method. The findings revealed that the company engaged in human capital development which enhanced employees' attitude to work, though there was a high level of employee turnover as they grew older. It was, therefore, recommended that the organisation should adopt measures to achieve human capital sustainability.