Among patients with relapsing-remitting MS, nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was associated with improvement in neurological disability and other clinical outcomes. These preliminary findings from this uncontrolled study require confirmation in randomized trials.

We present a method of quantifying cerebral blood volume using dynamic susceptibility contrast. Our approach combines T(2)-weighted echo planar imaging (EPI) pulse sequences and reference scans that determine the parenchymal T(1) changes resulting from an injection of a gadolinium chelate. This combined T(2)- and T(1)-weighted approach (the "bookend" technique) has been shown to be effective in the quantification of gradient-echo (GRE) (T(2)*-weighted) perfusion images but has not been applied to spin-echo EPI (SE-EPI) (T(2)-weighted) images. The physics related to blood volume measurement based on T(2)- and T(2)*-weighted EPI sequences is known to be different, and there is a question as to whether the bookend approach is effective with SE-EPI. We have compared the quantitative SE-EPI with GRE-EPI in a series of patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We found that quantitative cerebral blood volume (qCBV) values for SE-EPI and GRE-EPI are in agreement with each other and with historical reference values. A subjective evaluation of image quality showed that image quality in the SE-EPI scans was high and exhibited high interreader agreement. We conclude that measuring qCBV using the bookend technique with SE-EPI images is possible and may be a viable alternative to GRE-EPI in the evaluation of CNS tumors.

Capecitabine is used to treat advanced breast and gastrointestinal malignancies. A single case of encephalopathy and three cases of peripheral neuropathy are the only neurotoxicities reported. The authors report five additional cases of capecitabine-induced multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma cannot be distinguished from other tumors of this region (with the possible exception of melanoma) on the basis of imaging features.

No abstract