The study was aimed at identifying child labour practices existing in urban and rural areas in Cross River state. The study utilized survey design while cluster random sampling and purposive sampling technique was used to select samples, questionnaires and key informant interview were deployed for data collection. The analysis of data involved use of percentages and transcription of views of the key informants. The study discovered that child labour practices in urban areas of Cross River state include domestic work, street hawking, and shop/store operating, blue-collar laboring, plate washing in restaurants, car washing and bus conducting. In rural communities, child labour the practices are kiosk operating, palm wine tapping and sales. The findings have also shown that in urban communities, nearly half of the respondents are paid for their services while in rural areas most of the children are not paid for their services. The amount of money paid to the child labourers in the urban areas ranges mostly between N300-N500 while in the rural communities, majority of respondents receive below N200. The category of people engaging children as child labourers in urban areas, are mostly business owners/operators while in rural areas, parents are the group that uses children as child labourers the most. Recommendations for controlling child labour in urban areas include execution of child right laws, creation of awareness and prosecution of people who engage children in labourous practices. In rural areas, creation of awareness, poverty reduction and execution of child right laws was recommended.
The provision of information on HIV/AIDS in Nigeria’s secondary schools is often considered inadequate to prevent or limit the scourge among teenagers. In this study, we examined the sources of information for secondary school students on prevalence of the disease in the southern senatorial district of Cross River State, Nigeria. The sources examined included parents, teachers, the social media, health care professionals and the mass media. Eight hundred students in five randomly selected secondary schools were sampled for questionnaire administration, of which 789 were retrieved for analysis. Majority of the students had some knowledge of the causes, mode of transmission, and preventive measures of HIV/AIDS, but they lacked adequate access to the various sources of more specific information available on the subject matter. Only 187 respondents (23.7%) agreed that their parents taught them about sex education in connection with HIV/AIDS. Our data showed low parental knowledge of the spread of the disease, hence the inadequate education of their wards. About 78% of the respondents agreed that the social media provided more information on HIV/AIDS. However, nearly all the respondents (about 92%) did not use social media sites because they had no access to browsing phones or computers. Many of the respondents heard about HIV/AIDS from health counselors and community health workers in their areas of residence. The overall results indicated that prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the study area could be moderated by knowledge of the disease facilitated by adequate information and increased awareness. There is need to intensify the awareness through the mass media and other outlets considered in this study, starting from the home. Received: 16 November 2021 / Accepted: 3 February 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Industrialization, it is believed comes with some level of improvement in the standard of living, since it tends to make more readily available social amenities and infrastructure through which the ever-changing needs and challenges of the society are addressed. There are factors necessary for appreciable rate of industrialization to be achieved including some level of security, significant sufficiency in agricultural productivity, adequate fuel and raw materials supply, effective transport and communication system, adequate human capital, stable and supportive financial services sector, consistency in government policy and effective and functioning government institutions. Economic recession which is seen as a widespread and consistent reduction in productive activity, over a number of months resulting in a fall in gross domestic product and income per capita as well as increased unemployment levels and a general shrinking of the economy comes with the absence of one of the most vital requirements for industrialization, namely increased cash injection for investing in capital projects and industrial development. Successive Nigerian government administrations have paid lip service to industrial development and the current recession makes industrialization more challenging especially because of high inflation, dwindling purchasing power and general shrinking of the economy. Some the most critical challenges are hardly available power supply, corruption, unfavourable exchange rates and highly porous borders. It is recommended that government finds the political will and courage to resolve the identified challenges towards returning Nigeria to the path of industrial development.
Considerable controversy surrounds the formation of cooperative thrift and provision of transportation facilities undertaken by the maritime workers' union as means of improving members welfare. Our analysis of this study draws evidence from 1000 respondents. A self-constructed 45 item questionnaire on a four scale was used for data collection. Overall, findings reveals that a significant positive relationship exists between union's formation of cooperative societies and the provision of transportation facilities for union members. The study recommends that along with raising the welfare of its members which was found to be generally low, labour unions should rise to the responsibility of encouraging their members to join cooperative thrift and that union leaders should be credible individuals who seek the welfare of its members and not their personal interest.
Porous borders continue to be the principal source and conduit for small arms and light weapons (SALWs) throughout Africa, particularly Nigeria. Presently, Nigeria"s security environment is severely endangered by the operations of the Boko Haram insurgent group, which often uses smuggled firearms and ammunition. Scholars have paid little attention to analyzing the smuggling problem in SALWs and their threat to Nigeria"s internal security amid the Boko Haram menace. This study addresses the SALWs smuggling, and Boko Haram challenges to Nigerian security by using the Benin-Nigerian Porous Border as a case study. This paper discovers that the porous Nigeria-Benin border and the lackadaisical attitude of both governments have enabled transnational crime of the Boko-Haram sect. The paper recommends adequate coordination between security services and residents to battle the scourge of cross-border proliferation of small guns and light weapons between Benin and Nigeria. This study recommends a West African regional security network structure to regulate borders and coordinate security to curb SALWs and other criminal activities.
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