Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe an intervention with a group of homeless men from the Horn of Africa, service users of the Horn of Africa Health and Wellbeing Project in London. The group was conceived by the second author who noted the presence of significant psychosocial issues for her clients, but equally their reluctance to access mainstream mental health or social care services. Design/methodology/approach Designing the group and introducing it to the men involved threw up some challenges which are explored, and the impact of the group on participants is evaluated. Findings Overall both the participants and the facilitators evaluated the group positively and it appeared to have led to lasting change for some of the group members, and this is described. The authors argue that this sort of group may be a more acceptable way to work on psychosocial issues than something more directly focused on mental health intervention. The group protocol is outlined along with suggestions for future work in this area. Originality/value This intervention represents a creative alternative to more mainstream psychological interventions for homeless or exiled men.
BackgroundIn France smoking initiation rates amongst 11 to 16 year-olds are worryingly high. Several studies show that early initiation to psycho-active substances is a strong predictor of tobacco addiction. Decreasing the age at which tobacco use starts represents a key challenge for reducing tobacco usage. Implementing an intervention trial using educational workshops based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and covering the 4 years of secondary school could be effective.Methods“PEPITES” is an interventional research, using a cluster randomized design. It will allow assessing the effectiveness of interventions both in reducing the tobacco initiation rate and the regular smoking rate of secondary school pupils. We will also evaluate the process of the implementation of the study and thus will help to the transferability of the intervention.A partnership convention was signed between the JDB Foundation and the National Education authority which designated 6 secondary state schools for the PEPITES trial.The 6 schools were randomly allocated to 3 groups of 2 clusters each: 1 control group, 2 different intervention groups with 2 workshops per year during 4 years; In one of this group the 2 last workshops will be dedicated to measure the loss of taste due to tobacco smoking. In each school, all pupils in year 1 with a signed parental authorization (744 pupils) have been included in the trial. The interventions targets one of the variables of the TPB and the reinforcement of psycho-social competencies. We estimated that we could detect a reduction of increase ≥5.5 and 8% respectively in the 2 principal outcomes (risk α of 5%, and β of 80%).DiscussionCarrying out a randomized prevention trial in the school environment raises specific problems which it seems useful to detail for other educational actors who would like to perform a similar study.This discussion concerns the acceptation and cooperation of the National Education partners, the risks of contamination, the information given to parents and pupils and their consent, and the representativeness of the schools involved.Trial registrationISRCTN85812512. Registered 15 May 2018 by BioMed Central. (retrospectively registered).
O Ministério da Saúde reconhece a necessidade de propor melhorias na atenção ao parto e nascimento que estejam em conformidade com as diferentes necessidades das gestantes. Desta forma, conhecer o perfil obstétrico de parturientes atendidas em um Centro de Parto Normal possibilita a avaliação de fatores de relevância para o atendimento adequado. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar o perfil obstétrico das parturientes admitidas em um Centro de Parto Normal intra-hospitalar. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, com recorte transversal, realizado com dados de uma maternidade situada em um hospital filantrópico de grande porte em um município sul mato-grossense. Os dados se referem a parturientes atendidas de janeiro a dezembro do ano de 2020, totalizando 2.340 mulheres. Foram analisadas variáveis relativas à faixa etária, antecedentes obstétricos, número de consultas pré-natal, entre outras. Após a análise dos dados, identificou-se a prevalência de mulheres na faixa etária entre 19 e 35 anos de idade, primigestas (38,4%), com 6 ou mais consultas de pré-natal (73,5%), assistidas por enfermeiras obstétricas durante o trabalho de parto e parto (59,4%) e que não foram encaminhadas para cirurgia cesariana (89,2%). Conclui-se que o perfil de parturientes encontrado corrobora com os achados de investigações nacionais e aponta para um serviço obstétrico que atende as diretrizes ministeriais. Os achados da investigação servirão como devolutiva para o serviço de saúde local, além de subsidiar a formulação de estratégias para atenção materno-infantil em âmbito regional e nacional, entendendo o funcionamento da rede de atenção obstétrica e a relevância do estudo para a comunidade científica.
School-based multi-component educational interventions have been encouraged to improve children’s movement behaviors. The present study evaluates the effect of the Globe Trotter Initiative on physical activity (PA) level, sedentary time, physical fitness and activity preferences in primary school children. A total of 361 children (9–10 years) participated in this cluster-randomized trial. Nine schools were randomized as control (CON, 121 children) or Globe Trotter schools (GT, 240 children). Physical fitness, body composition, anthropometric characteristics, PA level, sedentary behaviors, physical self-perception, and activity preferences were evaluated at baseline (T0) and after the one-month intervention (T1). Grip strength performance and overall completion time of the obstacle course show a significant time effect (p < 0.001) in both groups (no group effect). PA level and physical self-perception did not significantly show time nor group effects. The sedentary behavior score displays a significant “time × group” interaction effect (p = 0.04) with a significant reduction between T0 and T1 in the GT group only (p < 0.001). The explicit liking for sedentary activities shows a significant “time × group” interaction (p = 0.02) with a significant decrease between T0 and T1 in the GT group only (p < 0.001). The explicit wanting for sedentary activities show a significant “time × group” interaction (p = 0.02) with a significant decrease between T0 and T1 in the GT group only (p < 0.001). The short-term, multi-component, behavioral, educational GT intervention had beneficial effects on primary-school-aged children’s sedentary time and implicit preference for physical over sedentary activities.
Introdução: No fim do ano de 2019 foi descoberta a infecção por Sars Cov-2, um vírus altamente contagioso, que culminou na declaração de situação pandêmica pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Desde então, pesquisadores de diversas áreas do conhecimento em saúde buscam encontrar tratamentos eficazes a fim de amenizar as manifestações clínicas da Covid 19. Nesse contexto, a terapia com plasma de pacientes recuperados após a infecção por coronavírus pode ser utilizada como tratamento aos pacientes hospitalizados pela Covid 19. Objetivo: Descrever acerca do uso de Plasma Convalescente (PC) no tratamento de Covid19. Metodologia: Revisão bibliográfica da literatura atual disponível nas bases de dados Scielo e Google acadêmico, com as seguintes palavras tema: plasma convalescente e Covid 19. Como critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados artigos publicados a partir do ano de 2020 e que contemplam plenamente o tema. Os critérios de exclusão foram as literaturas publicadas anteriormente ao ano de 2020. Resultados: As publicações encontradas evidenciam a utilização do PC como braço terapêutico, ou seja, em associação com outras terapias farmacológicas. Em termos clínicos, o plasma atua neutralizando o patógeno e, eventualmente, levando à sua erradicação da circulação sanguínea. Assim, em pacientes graves foi identificada taxa de mortalidade em torno de 15%, sendo uma redução de 35% a 50% no geral. Além disso, observou-se redução de 53% na gravidade da doença (dispensando terapia intensiva) e 26% no tempo de internação. Apesar de se mostrarem promissoras, as pesquisas seguem em busca de resultados sólidos, visando conhecer o momento ideal para coleta do plasma, acompanhar os títulos de imunoglobulinas, além de avaliar a evolução clínica do paciente transfundido. Conclusão: Infere-se que acerca desta temática são necessários mais estudos, buscando resultados sólidos, a fim de subsidiar o desenvolvimento de protocolos intra-hospitalares, bem como intervenções terapêuticas seguras para conter a gravidade da doença.
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