School counselors must possess requisite evaluation competency to promote quality and accountability in their comprehensive counseling programs. Despite advances, the field lacks appropriate methods to measure evaluation competency. This article describes the development of a survey designed to measure evaluation competency among school counselors in Missouri and its use in the initial evaluation of a state mentoring program. Findings include initial support for the psychometric properties and four-factor structure of this survey as well as a preliminary assessment of evaluation competencies among participating school counselors. Implications focus on efforts to define, build, and measure evaluation competency in school counseling.
<P>The experience of meaningful coincidence has been reported throughout time and different cultures. Stories involving coincidence appear in movies, song, and literature. Popular attention to coincidence also has been increasing. Meaningful coincidence is defined informally; these experiences range from having dreams come true to running into someone you’ve just thought about. Synchronicity is related to meaningful coincidence, and is defined as an external state (eg, experiences) that matches an internal state (eg, thoughts, feelings).</P> <H4>ABOUT THE AUTHORS</H4><P>Stephanie L. Coleman is a PhD candidate at University of Missouri-Columbia. Bernard D. Beitman, MD, is Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri–Columbia. </P><P>Address correspondence to: Bernard D. Beitman, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Three Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65201; fax 573-884-5936; or e-mail <A HREF="mailto:beitman@health.missouri.edu">beitman@health.missouri.edu</A>. </P><P>Ms. Coleman and Dr. Beitman have disclosed no relevant financial relationships. </P><P>10.9999/00485713-20090423-01 </P> <H4>EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES</H4><OL> <LI>Describe the statistical and personality variables that influence detection of coincidence.</LI> <LI>State that high frequency coincidence detectors may be self-referential or vital.</LI> <LI>Recognize that characteristics including intense emotion, faith in intuition, search for meaning, and religious commitment predispose people to detect coincidences.</LI></OL>
<p>The coincidence experience permeates all domains of life. We speak of the coincidental nature of falling in love, the experience of having a job "fall into one’s lap," and we read about coincidences in literature and see them occur regularly in movies and plays. To many of us, there is some degree of awe and wonder involved in experiencing an improbable coincidence. We may question why it happened, what it means, or simply stand back in amazement.</p> <H4>ABOUT THE AUTHORS</h4> <p>Stephanie L. Coleman is a PhD candidate at University of Missouri-Columbia. Elif Celebi, MD, is with the University of Rochester, Rochester, New York. Bernard D. Beitman, MD, is Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri–Columbia.</p> <p>Address correspondence to: Bernard D. Beitman, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Three Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65201; fax 573-884-5936; or e-mail <A HREF="mailto:beitman@health.missouri.edu">beitman@health.missouri.edu</A>. Ms. Coleman, Dr. Beitman, and Dr. Celebi have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.</p> <p>10.9999/00485713-20090421-03</p> <H4>EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES</H4><OL> <LI>Assess research on meaningful coincidences.</LI> <LI>Explain that weird coincidences are normative.</LI> <LI>Analyze some of the common meaningful coincidences.</LI></OL>
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of CT to predict the development of bile leaks in hepatic trauma. This HIPAA-compliant retrospective study was IRB approved and consent was waived. All patients who sustained hepatic trauma between January 1, 2006, and January 31, 2012, and who underwent CT and hepatobiliary scans during the same hospital admission were included. One hundred and thirty-two patients met the inclusion criteria. Comparison between the presence of biliary injury relative to American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) hepatic injury grade and mean distance of the hepatic laceration to the inferior vena cava (IVC) was made. The ability of free fluid to predict bile injury was analyzed. Forty-one (31 %) of the 132 patients had positive hepatobiliary scans. Of these 41 patients, seven (17 %) sustained low-grade and 34 (83 %) sustained high-grade hepatic injury compared with the 37 (41 %) low-grade and 54 (59 %) high-grade hepatic injuries in the negative hepatobiliary scan group. The mean distance to the IVC was 2.4 cm (SD 2.9 cm) and 3.6 cm (SD 3.3 cm) in patients with and without bile leaks, respectively. A statistically significant difference in the proportion of high-grade injuries and the mean distance from the IVC between the two groups was identified. The presence of free fluid on CT is sensitive, but not specific, for detecting a bile leak. CT findings, including AAST liver injury grade and location of the liver laceration, are able to predict which patients are at risk for developing bile leaks as seen on hepatobiliary scintigraphy, whereas the presence of free fluid is not.
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