A gyre in the brine pool that occupies the crater of Cheops mud volcano, Nile Deep Sea Fan, at 3-km water depth. The gyre is about 2-m across, and shows sulfur-rich white "foam" accumulations, thought to be produced by bacterial activity. This image was taken by RoV Victor during Ifremer's MEDECo cruise in 2007.
This paper reports the first "in situ" seafloor observations of fluid escape structures in a fault-controlled caldera-type depression of about 8 km diameter, named the Menes caldera, in the Eastern Mediterranean sea off Egypt (western province of the Nile Deep Sea Fan). A detailed analysis of seven Nautile dives, performed during the Nautinil cruise in 2003, focused on determining the nature, origin, importance, mechanisms and environmental impacts of the fluid escape processes from the geological observations. Seafloor maps, constructed from direct visual observations and video records made from the submersible, and sampling results, for three mud volcanoes of the caldera, Cheops, Chephren and Mykerinos show differences in activity but many common characteristics. The three volcanoes show a crater-like depression. The study reveals a strong contrast between Mykerinos, where no seepage activity was found, and the craters of Cheops and Chephren, where an intense activity of brine seepage was discovered. On Cheops, a dome of dark grey mud raises slightly above the brine surface in the central part of the brine lake, and shows numerous circular vents of 1-2 m diameter that become gradually colonized by microbial mats. Chephren hosts a deep (> 200 m) and warm (45 °C) brine lake. Alternations of areas void of or covered with microbial mats at the surface of the Chephren brine lake indicate large surface disturbances that may result from the occurrence of several active vents at the bottom of the lake. A special feature at Chephren is a brine overflow at the western edge of the crater, also indicative of the very high activity of brine seepage. The Nautinil observations indicate that the Menes caldera in the Eastern Mediterranean is a highly active site of brine seepage. Growth faults rooted in pre-Messinian sediment layers provide pathways for warm fluids to escape pressurized source levels below the Messinian salt.
Understanding micro-seismicity is a critical question for earthquake hazard assessment. Since the devastating earthquakes of Izmit and Duzce in 1999, the seismicity along the submerged section of North Anatolian Fault within the Sea of Marmara (comprising the “Istanbul seismic gap”) has been extensively studied in order to infer its mechanical behaviour (creeping vs locked). So far, the seismicity has been interpreted only in terms of being tectonic-driven, although the Main Marmara Fault (MMF) is known to strike across multiple hydrocarbon gas sources. Here, we show that a large number of the aftershocks that followed the M 5.1 earthquake of July, 25th 2011 in the western Sea of Marmara, occurred within a zone of gas overpressuring in the 1.5–5 km depth range, from where pressurized gas is expected to migrate along the MMF, up to the surface sediment layers. Hence, gas-related processes should also be considered for a complete interpretation of the micro-seismicity (~M < 3) within the Istanbul offshore domain.
Objectives: The telephone use is correlated to the quality of life, and is one of the greatest expectations of the patients who candidate for cochlear implantation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the benefit of a progressive and intensive training including 18 sessions, directly conducted on telephone, in cochlear implant recipients. Material and Methods: Nine cochlear-implanted adults underwent with a Speech and Language Pathologist, remote training specifically focused on the telephone use . They were evaluated before and after this training. Evaluation was comprised with monosyllabic words (Lafon), and sentences (MBAA) in quiet, cocktail-party noisy environment, and via phone.The telephone use (ad hoc surveys, number of calls), and the quality of life (Ersa, Aphab)were aseessed. Results:Before training, the repetition of monosyllabic words was lesser by telephone than in direct voice (and 64 % ± 5.7 vs 26 % ± 5.3,mean ± SEM, p <0.05). After the 6-weeks training, the "note taking" task of a telephone message was improved (85.0 ± 3.7 vs 50.0 ± 9.0 out of 100, p<0.001). Daily use of phone self-evaluated (57.0 ± 4.3 vs 29 ± 5.4 out of 100, p <0.0001) and the number of calls made the week before the assessment also improved (0.0 ± 0.0 vs 11.0 ± 3.0, p <0.0001). Conclusions:A progressive and intensive training program delivered over the telephone, improved the use of the telephone in daily life of cochlear-implanted adults.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.