A small but significant proportion of elderly emergently admitted hospital patients acquire pressure ulcers soon after their admission. New models of care may be required to ensure that preventive interventions are provided very early in the elderly person's hospital stay.

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Abstract. Objective: To correlate measured pain intensity (PI) changes with pain relief and satisfaction with pain management. Methods: A prospective single-group repeated-measures design study. A heterogeneous group of patients were asked to record their levels of PI at initial presentation and at ED release using a numerical descriptor scale (NDS) and a visual analog scale (VAS). At release, a 5-point pain relief scale and a pain management satisfaction survey were also completed. Results: A convenience sample of 81 patients were enrolled over the study period. The average reduction in PI for all patients was 33%. A 5%, 30%, and 57% reduction in PI correlated with "no," "somdpartial," and "significantlcomplete" relief, respectively ( p c 0.001). However, when patients were divided into 2 groups based on their initial PI scores, patients with moderatdsevere pain (NDS > 5 ) required a reduction of 35% and 84% in PI to achieve "somdpartial" and "significanWcomplete" relief, respectively. Patients in less pain (NDS I 5) needed 25% and 29% reductions in PI for the same categories ( p = 0.8). Patients were generally satisfied with their pain management. There was a positive association between pain relief and satisfaction with pain management. Conclueion: There is a significant association between changes in PI and pain relief. Greater reductions in PI are required for patients presenting with more severe initial pain to achieve relief compared with those who have lesser initial PI. While there is a linear relationship between increasing pain relief and satisfaction, relief of pain appears to only partially contribute to overall satisfaction with pain management.

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We found no significant association between the gender of the residency program director and chairperson with the proportion of female faculty and residents. Given a higher ratio of female residents relative to female faculty, it is probable that graduating female residents are choosing not to pursue academic medicine, shrinking the potential pool of female candidates for positions of departmental leadership.