We couple collocated isogeometric boundary element methods and unstructured analysissuitable T-spline surfaces for linear elastostatic problems. We extend the definition of analysis-suitable T-splines to encompass unstructured control grids (unstructured meshes) and develop basis functions which are smooth (rational) polynomials defined in terms of the Bézier extraction framework and which pass standard patch tests. We then develop a collocation procedure which correctly accounts for sharp edges and corners, extraordinary points, and T-junctions. This approach is applied to several three-dimensional problems, including a real-world T-spline model of a propeller. We believe this work clearly illustrates the power of combining new analysis-suitable computer aided design technologies with established analysis methodologies, in this case, the boundary element method.

Isogeometric analysis (IGA) represents a recently developed technology in computational mechanics that offers the possibility of integrating methods for analysis and Computer Aided Design (CAD) into a single, unified process. The implications to practical engineering design scenarios are profound, since the time taken from design to analysis is greatly reduced, leading to dramatic gains in efficiency. In this manuscript, through a self-contained Matlab R ⃝ implementation, we present an introduction to IGA applied to simple analysis problems and the related computer implementation aspects. Furthermore, implementation of the extended IGA which incorporates enrichment functions through the partition of unity method (PUM) is also presented, where several examples for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional fracture are illustrated. We also describe the use of IGA in the context of strong-form (collocation) formulations, which has been an area of research interest due to the potential for significant efficiency gains offered by these methods. The code which accompanies the present paper can be applied to one, two and three-dimensional problems for linear elasticity, linear elastic fracture mechanics, structural mechanics (beams/plates/shells including large displacements and rotations) and Poisson problems with or without enrichment. The Bézier extraction concept that allows the FE analysis to be performed efficiently on T-spline geometries is also incorporated. The article includes a summary of recent trends and developments within the field of IGA.

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SUMMARYThis paper presents and exercises a general structure for an object-oriented enriched finite element code. The programming environment provides a robust tool for extended finite element (XFEM) computations and a modular and extensible system. The program structure has been designed to meet all natural requirements for modularity, extensibility, and robustness. To facilitate meshgeometry interactions with hundreds of enrichment items, a mesh generator and mesh database are included. The salient features of the program are: flexibility in the integration schemes (subtriangles, subquadrilaterals, independent near-tip and discontinuous quadrature rules); domain integral methods for homogeneous and bi-material interface cracks arbitrarily oriented with respect to the mesh; geometry is described and updated by level sets, vector level sets or a standard method; standard and enriched approximations are independent; enrichment detection schemes: topological, geometrical, narrow-band, etc.; multi-material problem with an arbitrary number of interfaces and slip-interfaces; non-linear material models such as J2 plasticity with linear, isotropic and kinematic hardening. To illustrate the possible applications of our paradigm, we present two-dimensional linear elastic fracture mechanics for hundreds of cracks with local near-tip refinement, and crack propagation in two dimensions as well as complex three-dimensional industrial problems.

This paper presents a numerical method for interactive (real-time) simulations, which considerably improves the accuracy of the response of heterogeneous soft-tissue models undergoing contact, cutting and other topological changes. We provide an integrated methodology able to deal both with the ill-conditioning issues associated with material heterogeneities, contact boundary conditions which are one of the main sources of inaccuracies, and cutting which is one of the most challenging issues in interactive simulations. Our approach is based on an implicit time integration of a non-linear finite element model. To enable real-time computations, we propose a new preconditioning technique, based on an asynchronous update at low frequency. The preconditioner is not only used to improve the computation of the deformation of the tissues, but also to simulate the contact response of homogeneous and heterogeneous bodies with the same accuracy. We also address the problem of cutting the heterogeneous structures and propose a method to update the preconditioner according to the topological modifications. Finally, we apply our approach to three challenging demonstrators: i) a simulation of cataract surgery ii) a simulation of laparoscopic hepatectomy iii) a brain tumor surgery.

We present an open-source software framework called PERMIX for multiscale modeling

This paper presents a three-dimensional, extrinsically enriched meshfree method for initiation, branching, growth and coalescence of an arbitrary number of cracks in non-linear solids including large deformations, for statics and dynamics. The novelty of the methodology is that only an extrinsic discontinuous enrichment and no near-tip enrichment is required. Instead, a Lagrange multiplier field is added along the crack front to close the crack. This decreases the computational cost and removes difficulties involved with a branch enrichment. The results are compared to experimental data, and other simulations from the literature to show the robustness and accuracy of the method.

SUMMARYA stabilized conforming nodal integration finite element method based on strain smoothing stabilization is presented. The integration of the stiffness matrix is performed on the boundaries of the finite elements. A rigorous variational framework based on the Hu-Washizu assumed strain variational form is developed.We prove that solutions yielded by the proposed method are in a space bounded by the standard, finite element solution (infinite number of subcells) and a quasi-equilibrium finite element solution (a single subcell). We show elsewhere the equivalence of the one-subcell element with a quasi-equilibrium finite element, leading to a global a posteriori error estimate.We apply the method to compressible and incompressible linear elasticity problems. The method can always achieve higher accuracy and convergence rates than the standard finite element method, especially in the presence of incompressibility, singularities or distorted meshes, for a slightly smaller computational cost.It is shown numerically that the one-cell smoothed four-noded quadrilateral finite element has a convergence rate of 2.0 in the energy norm for problems with smooth solutions, which is remarkable. For problems with rough solutions, this element always converges faster than the standard finite element and is free of volumetric locking without any modification of integration scheme.