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Citation: Peycheva SK, Apostolova EG, Peychev ZL, Gardjeva PA, Shishmanova-Doseva MS, Murdjeva MA. Oral microbial flora in Bulgarian adolescents with moderate plaque-induced gingivitis. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2019;61(4):522-8. AbstractIntroduction: In children and adolescents, the most common periodontal disease is the plaque-induced gingivitis.Aim: The aim of this study was to reveal the bacterial species associated with supragingival plaque of Bulgarian adolescents diagnosed with plaque-induced gingivitis. Materials and methods:Supragingival plaque samples from 70 healthy subjects with moderate plaque-induced gingivitis (37 females and 33 males), aged 12-18 years, were obtained and examined microbiologically.Results: A total of 224 microorganisms were isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were predominant compared to Gram-positive [132 (59%) vs. 92 (41%), p<0.001]. Aerobic microorganisms were detected more often than anaerobic (151; 67.5% vs. 73; 32.5%, p<0.001). The Streptococcus mutans group and Neisseria spp. were isolated from all adolescents. The frequency of isolation of C. albicans was relatively lower -11 (15.7%). The anaerobes showed much greater microbial diversity (12 pathogen groups were isolated). Gram-negative rods were isolated from 57 of the adolescents (isolation frequency 81.4%). F. varium, P. melaninogenica, P. intermedia and P. assacharolyticus were detected respectively in 12 (16%), 9 (12%), 8 (11%) and 7 (10%) samples. The less frequently isolated anaerobes were Grampositive cocci, Gram-negative cocci, Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium spp. together. Conclusion:The most frequently isolated microbiota in our study is part of the normal oral bacterial flora. The presence of anaerobes such as Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides and Porphyromonas reflects the gradual change of the flora to more complex one. The results of quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the plaque of adolescents with moderate plaque-induced gingivitis may contribute to the selection of the prevention and treatment of this disease. Original Article

Abstract:In pathogenic experimentation in homeopathy on healthy volunteers, some individuals develop stronger reactions than others, i.e. they show more symptoms of the same biologically active substance. They are defined as sensitive type (ST) individuals. The aim of this work is to create a web-based module for determining ST patients in the homeopathic information system. Material and methods: We carried out an analysis of test questions relating to the definition of ST patients from a specialized homeopathy manual (Horvilleur, 2003). For the development of a web-based GUI, we used Oracle APEX. Results: For the implementation of the software module of ST and the disclosure of its features an electronic questionnaire was developed, containing 533 test questions. Processing the responses from the test allows the programming module to indicate one of 20 medications for ST patients in a specific clinical situation. Conclusion: The module for determining ST patients helps the doctor practicing clinical homeopathy to significantly shorten the time for prescribing the medicament for the terrain treatment in primary care. JEL Classification Numbers: I100; DOI: http://dx