Changes in the Cytokine Levels in Adolescents With Gingivitis After Treatment With Propolis

Peycheva, Stela

doi:10.31925/farmacia.2019.2.23

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Thus, we decided to continue with PG, OA and L at concentrations that give physically stable formulations (Table II). Previous studies on similar topics also helped us to confirm concentrations of selected penetration enhancers [10,34]. We also saw that OA and L were physically incompatible with G and OC, respectively.…”

Section: Ex Vivo Skin Permeation and Penetration Studysupporting

confidence: 61%

“…L displays a greater difference than many types of terpenes probably because it displays multiple mechanisms. L provides partial extraction of stratum corneum lipids and phase separation within stratum corneum lipid lamellae while increasing drug solubility in the skin [10,11]. In this study, effects of various enhancers on penetration of 18-β GA incorporated in traditional vehicles (hydrogel (G), oil/water (o/w) emulsion (E) and oleaginous cream (OC)) were investigated for relieving inflammatory conditions of the skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Vehicles and Penetration Enhancers on Anti-Inflammatory Effect of 18-Β Glycyrrhetinic Acid: Kinetic Modelling of Drug Release, in Vivo and Ex Vivo Experiments

Karaman¹,

Çelik²,

Özdemir³

et al. 2020

FARMACIA

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Topical formulations of 18-β glycyrrhetinic acid (18-β GA) were designed for use in relieving inflammatory and painful conditions of the skin. Formulations were containing penetration enhancers that differ in penetration enhancing mechanisms. Anti-inflammatory effects of formulations and effects of penetration enhancers on penetration and permeation of the drug through rat skin were investigated. The total amount of 18-β GA permeated from the base oil/water emulsion (53.19 ± 22.25 mcg/cm 2 ) was approximately twice higher than the base oleaginous cream (29.17 ± 3.85 mcg/cm 2 ) while there was no 18-β GA permeation from the base hydrogel formulation to the skin (p < 0.05). Incorporation of propylene glycol was generally found to increase 18-β GA permeation to the skin. The highest oedema inhibiting activity was achieved in the oil/water emulsion containing propylene glycol followed by the base oil/water emulsion without a penetration enhancer (p < 0.05). This result was consistent with the ex vivo study. Limonene and oleic acid were found to be insufficient in 18-β GA permeation to the skin. RezumatAu fost elaborate formulări topice ale acidului gliciretinic 18-β (GA 18-β), cu promotori de penetrare, pentru utilizarea acestora în ameliorarea bolilor inflamatorii ale pielii. Au fost cercetate efectele antiinflamatoare ale formulărilor și efectele promotorilor de penetrare asupra penetrării și permeării medicamentului prin pielea șobolanului. Cantitatea totală de 18-β GA pătrunsă în piele din emulsia de bază U/A (53,19 ± 22,25 mcg/cm 2 ) a fost aproximativ de două ori mai mare decât din crema oleaginoasă (29,17 ± 3,85 mcg/cm 2 ). Nu a existat o permeare de 18-β GA din formularea hidrogelului de bază (p < 0,05). Încorporarea propilenglicolului a crescut permeabilitatea GA-18-β în piele. Cea mai mare activitate de inhibare a edemelor a fost obținută cu emulsia U/A conținând propilenglicol, urmată de emulsia U/A de bază fără promotor de penetrare (p < 0,05). Acest rezultat a fost în concordanță cu studiul ex vivo. Limonenul și acidul oleic s-au dovedit a fi insuficiente în creșterea permeabilității GA-18-β prin piele.

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Section: Ex Vivo Skin Permeation and Penetration Studysupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%