The 3-methylcytidine (m 3 C) modification is widely found in eukaryotic species of tRNA Ser , tRNA Thr , and tRNA Arg ; at residue 32 in the anti-codon loop; and at residue e2 in the variable stem of tRNA Ser . Little is known about the function of this modification or about the specificity of the corresponding methyltransferase, since the gene has not been identified. We have used a primer extension assay to screen a battery of methyltransferase candidate knockout strains in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and find that tRNA Thr(IGU) from abp140-D strains lacks m 3 C. Curiously, Abp140p is composed of a poorly conserved N-terminal ORF fused by a programed +1 frameshift in budding yeasts to a C-terminal ORF containing an S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) domain that is highly conserved among eukaryotes. We show that ABP140 is required for m 3 C modification of substrate tRNAs, since primer extension is similarly affected for all tRNA species expected to have m 3 C and since quantitative analysis shows explicitly that tRNA Thr(IGU) from an abp140-D strain lacks m 3 C. We also show that Abp140p (now named Trm140p) purified after expression in yeast or Escherichia coli has m 3 C methyltransferase activity, which is specific for tRNA Thr(IGU) and not tRNA Phe and occurs specifically at C 32 . We suggest that the C-terminal ORF of Trm140p is necessary and sufficient for activity in vivo and in vitro, based on analysis of constructs deleted for most or all of the N-terminal ORF. We also suggest that m 3 C has a role in translation, since trm140-D trm1-D strains (also lacking m 2,2 G 26 ) are sensitive to low concentrations of cycloheximide.

PCD was effective first-line treatment of complicated pyogenic liver abscesses, which often require catheter adjustment and salvage drainage procedures to reliably achieve success.

We found a highly significant association between increasing BMI and axillary LN dimensions independent of age and breast density with strong interobserver agreement. The increase in LN size was driven by expansion of the LN hilum secondary to fat infiltration. Advances in knowledge: This preliminary work determined a relationship between fat infiltrated axillary lymph nodes and obesity.

A portable near-infrared spectral tomography (NIRST) system was developed with simultaneous frequency domain (FD) and continuouswave (CW) optical measurements for efficient characterization of breast cancer in a clinical oncology setting. Simultaneous FD and CW recordings were implemented to speed up acquisition to 3 minutes for all 9 wavelengths, spanning a range from 661nm to 1064nm. An adjustable interface was designed to fit various breast sizes and shapes. Spatial images of oxy-and deoxy-hemoglobin, water, lipid, and scattering components were reconstructed using a 2D FEM approach. The system was tested on a group of 10 normal subjects, who were examined bilaterally and the recovered optical images were compared to radiographic breast density. Significantly higher total hemoglobin and water were estimated in the high density relative to low density groups. One patient with invasive ductal carcinoma was also examined and the cancer region was characterized as having a contrast ratio of 1.4 in total hemoglobin and 1.2 in water. ©2016 Optical Society of America

No abstract

Isolated medial tibial plateau injuries are uncommon and underdescribed in the literature. As such, the range of fracture severity and outcomes in comparison to more frequently described tibial plateau fractures are lacking. To assess outcomes of this rare injury, we compared two cohorts of patients. Overall, 27 patients who sustained 27 isolated medial plateau (Schatzker type IV) fractures and 81 patients with 81 split depression lateral plateau (Schatzker type II) fractures were compared. The outcomes were stratified by injury mechanism energy and assessed with radiographs, clinical and arthroscopic examinations, and functional status with the short musculoskeletal function assessment questionnaire (SMFA). Overall, 52% of Schatzker type IV fractures versus 71% of Schatzker type II were associated with high-energy injuries. Schatzker type IV fractures were more often nondisplaced and amenable to being managed, nonoperatively, 22 versus 6%, with excellent results. Schatzker type II fractures had a corresponding higher proportion of postoperative articular step off greater than 12 mm and poorer 12-month SMFA scores. Schatzker type IV fractures were more often treated with an external fixator than Schatzker type II fractures (22 vs. 1%). Within Schatzker type IV fractures, high- versus low-energy injuries did not differ significantly with regards to initial articular step off (4.2 vs. 5.1 mm), ligamentous and meniscal injury, or SMFA outcomes. Isolated medial plateau fractures had low- and high-energy patterns with differing management and outcomes. Schatzker type IV fractures overall were associated with lower energy mechanisms, less initial articular step off, and better functional outcomes than Schatzker II comparisons in this cohort. The level of evidence is 4.

Point-of-care was nearly as accurate as conventional sonography for basic, focused examinations. Observed differences in accuracy were attributed to greater variation in POC image quality.

No abstract