Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that can occur in horses of different breeds and ages. While its occurrence has been reported in many countries, its occurrence across Brazil is unclear. This review aimed to gather information about equine asthma from studies performed in Brazil by different groups and investigate a variety of horse populations. Articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, as well as information contained in dissertations and theses, were searched on PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, and the Brazilian government catalog of dissertations and theses. Fifteen studies were included in this review, and according to the published information, the authors identified equine asthma using clinical signs, endoscopic findings, and/or cytological examination of tracheal wash and/or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Studies have investigated horses of different breeds and activities (racehorses, police horses, riding horses, Crioulos horses, and others) and were performed in different regions with diverse climatic conditions. On the previous observed studies, the occurrence varied from 14.0% to 60.0%, with a mean occurrence of 24% for severe asthma. Other studies must be performed to further understand the occurrence of equine asthma in Brazil, according to different climatic regions.
A study was designed to compare two sedation protocols to be used in horses undergoing orchiectomy when standing. In both protocols, the induction to the sedative state was performed with bolus detomidine at a dose of 10 µg/kg, intravenously (IV). In the first protocol (eight horses), the sedative state was maintained with 1% glyceryl guaiacol ether (GGE) in continuous infusion, at a dose of 1ml/kg/hour IV. In the second protocol (eight horses) this sedative effect was maintained with detomidine in continuous infusion at the same dose and induction route. Orchiectomy was performed on all animals. The two protocols allowed the surgeries to be performed when standing. However, horses kept under sedation by the GGE showed greater relaxation and a more intense degree of sedation. It should be noted that the use of GGE to maintain the sedative state in horses is unprecedented in the literature. The drug is used in anesthetic protocols in the species, but only in pre-anesthetic medication in general anesthesia. It was concluded that the two sedation protocols allowed the performance of orchiectomy with the horses when standing. However, the protocol in which 1% GGE was used showed more profound sedation, without adverse effects.
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