The tandem gold(I)-catalyzed propargyl Claisen rearrangement/Nazarov cyclization of propargyl vinyl ether derivatives, followed by in situ reduction of the resulting carbonyl group, provides functionalized cyclopentadienes fused with various N-hetero- and carbacycles, including indoles, in good to excellent yields. The reaction occurs with high regioselectivity, with the position of the double bonds in the five-membered ring depending on the type of (hetero)cycle bearing the propargylic moiety and the side chain on the latter.
Operationalizing MCI criteria changes the relative frequency of MCI subtypes. Nonamnestic single domain MCI may be a previously nonrecognized type of MCI associated with SVD.
We studied the three most commonly used rating scales in Parkinson’s Disease (Hoehn and Yahr Clinical Staging, Webster Rating Scale, Columbia University Rating Scale) in order to examine the agreement between observers. Six neurologists, experts at using such scales, evaluated 48 patients suffering from the idiopathic form of Parkinson’s Disease. Reliability using the K index was moderate, although a slight superiority was found with the Columbia University Rating Scale. Analysis of the various items used has suggested that scales of disability could be a valid alternative to those examined.
The observations demonstrate that physical training can be effective in improving motor performance related to changes in position which affects the simple daily activities of the patients.
The CHS compared favourably with VES-13 for sensitivity. However, the great variability in specificity observed with the CHS within subgroups limits its applicability in the global population.
Testing the reliability and usefulness of disability scales in Parkinson''s disease has been the object of a study carried out by 4 neurologists on 48 patients using 2 rating scales – Hoehn and Yahr staging and Columbia University Rating Scale – and 2 disability scales – Northwestern University Disability Scale and Extensive Disability Scale, a new scale conceived for this purpose, which is more accurate in examining in a different way the physical incapacity and handicap of parkinsonian patients in their daily living. The examiners worked in pairs and did not discuss their rating scores before the end of the study. As far as interobserver agreement is concerned, the results of the disability scales are better than those of the rating scales. The Northwestern Disability Scale and the new scale are similar in reliability and consistency; however, the Extensive Disability Scale has proved to be a better indicator of the functional status. We suggest a more extensive employment of disability scales in clinical studies.
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