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HEX programs extend ASP with external atoms implemented in C++ or Python. DLVHEX is a solver for HEX that permits cyclic reasoning over external atoms and external value invention.Keywords Answer set programming • External source access • Nonmonotonic reasoning 1 Motivation Answer Set Programming (ASP) [1] is a logic programming formalism for knowledge representation and reasoning. However, in many applications, rules are insufficient for representing all reasoning about the domain of interest. Instead, accessing information or computations from the world outside the program is needed. HEX programs [5] extend ASP with special external atoms in rule bodies, whose truth value is determined by an external source using, e.g., imperative code. Consider the following simple example:where the status of some robots is determined by reading and interpreting their battery level. External oracles can perform arbitrary computations to determine their truth value. Two distinguishing features of HEX are:

Abstract. Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a well-established declarative problem solving paradigm which became widely used in AI and recognized as a powerful tool for knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR), especially for its high expressiveness and the ability to deal also with incomplete knowledge. Recently, thanks to the availability of a number of robust and efficient implementations, ASP has been increasingly employed in a number of different domains, and used for the development of industrial-level and enterprise applications. This made clear the need for proper development tools and interoperability mechanisms for easing interaction and integration with external systems in the widest range of real-world scenarios, including mobile applications and educational contexts. In this work we present a framework for integrating the KRR capabilities of ASP into generic applications. We show the use of the framework by illustrating proper specializations for some relevant ASP systems over different platforms, including the mobile setting; furthermore, the potential of the framework for educational purposes is illustrated by means of the development of several ASP-based applications.

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