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Abstract-This paper explains how the lead-acid models described in a previous paper can be utilized in practice. Two main issues are opened by that paper: 1) The paper does not supply detailed information on how to identify the several parameters of the proposed models, and 2) it defines a whole family of models, but does not discuss which model of the family is adequate for a given purpose. These two issues are tackled in this paper. For the first issue, the more complex one, two options are proposed and discussed: 1) a complete identification procedure involving extensive lab tests and 2) a simplified one that combines information from lab tests and data supplied by the manufacturer. In addition, further simplifications applicable in cases of batteries belonging to the same family are presented.Index Terms-Batteries, modeling, parameter estimation. I. PROPOSED MODEL IN THIS PAPER, the lead-acid battery model family described in detail in [11] is rapidly reported for reader's convenience.The model can be represented by an equivalent electric network reported in Fig. 1, along with the dynamic equations representing the charge storage process and the electrolyte heating where so-called "extracted charge," i.e., the charge that has been actually extracted from the battery starting from a battery completely full (battery full when ); and battery thermal capacitance and resistance, respectively; heating power generated inside the battery by conversion from electrical or chemical energy. It has to be remembered that the resistances and capacitances shown in Fig. 1 are function of the battery state-of-charge and electrolyte temperature. The equations defining these parameters are reported in the Appendix. II. IDENTIFICATION OF MODEL PARAMETERS BY LAB TESTSIn the diagram of Fig. 2 In practice, however, because of the great number of elements of and the strong complexity of the relationships between the elements and the battery behavior, it is very difficult that this 0885-8969/02$17.00 © 2002 IEEE

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