The subject of this paper permits the cooperation between many researchers which activate in different fields, which have the capacity to develop informational methods and technologies to solve difficult problems given by the complexity of the scientifically target. Using computer-aided design (CAD) and dynamic simulation programs was developed a virtual model of the cervical human spine that includes the main muscle groups simulated by springs with dynamic parameters, nonlinear and variable. Were studied the main types of movements (displacements) lateral bending (left-right) and flexion-extension movements.
The paper presents the studies made on a similar biomechanical system composed by neck, head and thorax bones. The main movements analyzed were: axial rotation (left-right), lateral bending (left-right) and flexion-extension movement. After simulation was obtained the entire mechanical behavior based on data tables or diagrams. The models were defined in a CAD environment which includes Adams algorithm for dynamic simulations. The virtual models were obtained starting with CT images made on a living human subject. That virtual model composed by neck and head can be included in complex system (as a car system) and supposed to impact simulations (virtual crash tests). Also was developed a mathematical model based on Lagrange equations for a frontal impact testing cervical system. Our research team built main components of a testing device for dummy car crash neck-head system using anatomical data.
Even though the frontal collisions occur in a much larger percentage than the lateral collisions, the lateral collisions consequences can be much more serious than the frontal collisions. This paper is meant to be a study on the importance of crush energy which determines the mechanism who produces the severity of injuries. Using Newton laws of mechanics, we can discuss about the conservation of energy and linear momentum law which determine the impact force, speed and deformation. Therefore, in this paper the authors studied and analyzed the biomechanical behaviour of cranio (head) -neck (cervical spine) area of an anthropometric test devices for two different collision scenarios: the lateral collision between two vehicles and the collision between a vehicle and a fixed rigid vertical cylindrical obstacle (tree, pole, e.g.). After, we compared the obtained data from the laboratory virtual crash tests with the determined values from the polygon experimental tests. Analytical techniques who determine the occupant and vehicle behaviour from this stage allow to determine the mechanism who produces the damages and biomedical parameters, which are representative and correspond too the real applications from the practice investigation of the traffic events. The information are extremely useful to expert investigators who activates in the field of the traffic events investigation and reconstruction.
The processing of materials with a hardness greater than 55 HRC has always required the use of unconventional or grinding methods in order to obtain the quality and precision required by the technical conditions. For these reasons, the researches of the last decades have developed an unconventional method of processing, with great precision and precision, by assisting the classic processing techniques, with forced, unamortized, low amplitude ultrasonic vibrations. The present paper presents the results of some researches regarding the processing of extradural materials, by the assisted realization of the non-cushioned, low amplitude ultrasonic vibrations. It is demonstrated that this method of processing can obtain very fine surfaces, sometimes being able to replace the grinding, with much lower costs, in terms of energy consumption and tool wear.
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